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  1. A pressure sensor records pth. However, for most of the practical engineering cases, the system at the intermediate states of a process gets enough opportunity to attain equilibrium. Thus, both pth and pm are equivalent in these cases.

  2. pth is the average mechanical pressure exerted at a point in the fluid but pm is defined as the force exerted on container walls as fluid molecules coincide with it during their random movement.
  3. A pm is a variable quantity and it depends upon the coordinate system used.

  4. A pressure sensor records pth. However, for most of the practical engineering cases, the system at the intermediate states of a process does not get enough opportunity to attain equilibrium. Thus, both pth and pm are equivalent in these cases.

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Option 1 : A pressure sensor records pth. However, for most of the practical engineering cases, the system at the intermediate states of a process gets enough opportunity to attain equilibrium. Thus, both pth and pm are equivalent in these cases.

Explanation:

Mechanical Pressure (pm)

Thermodynamic Pressure (pth)
  • Average mechanical pressure exerted at a point in the fluid
  • Force exerted on container walls as fluid molecules coincide with it during their random movement
  • Related to translational energy of the molecules
  • Related to the absolute temperature of the fluid and includes the vibrational and rotational energy as well
  • pm is recorded by mechanical gauges like bourdon gauge.
  • pth is recorded by a pressure sensor

If a thermodynamic system goes through a process such that the intermediate steps attain equilibrium at each time interval then we can assume both pm and pth to be equal and if the process is fast and time involved is very less then intermediate steps are not in equilibrium and thus pm and pth are different.

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