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  1. General shear
  2. Punching shear
  3. Bending
  4. Local shear
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1 Answers

Option 3 : Bending

Types of shear failure

1) General shear failure

Occur in medium to dense soil and stiff clays and has following properties:

a) A well – defined failure pattern

b) Sudden, catastrophic failure accompanied by tilting of foundation

c) Bulging of ground surface adjacent to foundation.

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Occurs in soils which show brittle – type stress – strain behaviour.

b) Punching shear failure

Occurs in soils possessing stress – strain characteristics of very plastic soli. This type is characterized by

a) Poor defined shear planes

b) Soil zones beyond loaded area being less affected.

c) Significant penetration of a wedge – shaped soil zone beneath the foundation, accompanied by vertical shear beneath the edges of f/x.

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Relatively large settlements do occur in this type of failure and ultimate bearing capacity is not well defined.

This type of failure occur in deep footing in soil of low compressibility.

c) Local shear failure

Some characteristics of both general shear and punching shear modes.

Main features are:

a) Well defined wedge and slip surface only beneath the f/n.

b) Slip surface not visible beyond the edges of f/n.

c) Slight bulging of ground surface adjacent of f/n.

d) Significant compression of soil directly beneath f/n.

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