In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the bracketed part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select 'no improvement'. The art of movement (has been), in complicated ways, culture-driven.?

Option 4 : no improvement

The correct answer is no improvement

• Auxiliary verbs like is, am, are, was, were that state a fact are grammatically incompatible with the past participle of the verb 'to be', i.e., been
• This eliminates Options 2 and 3
• Option 1, 'have been', is used to denote plural subjects and thus violates the subject-verb agreement
• Been, when used with the root verb 'has', makes up the (Singular) Present Perfect Tense indicating something which has occurred as a phenomenon (here, the art of movement being culture-driven) 

Thus the correct sentence is: The art of movement has been, in complicated ways, culture-driven.