In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the bracketed part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select "no improvement". Nothing (have prepared) him for a continent that was a country, and a land of terrific complexity.?

Option 2 : Had prepared

• In the above given sentence, 'had prepared' will be used.
• It is so because the sentence is past perfect tense.
• In past perfect tense we follow the given structure:-
  • Structure - Subject + had + V₃ + Object.
  • For Example - He had left for India.
• Therefore, we use V₃ form of the verb with 'had'.
• Here in the given options, option 1 is invalid because we do not use V₁ form of the verb with 'had'.
• Option 3 is incorrect because we do not use present participle form of the verb with 'had'.
• 'Have prepared' is incorrect because the sentence is in past perfect tense(an action which has completed a long time ago).