1. Projection
  2. Repression and Denial
  3. Regression
  4. Substantiation
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Option 4 : Substantiation

Defence mechanism refers to the unconscious mechanism proposed by 'Sigmund Freud' and his daughter 'Anna Freud' as a strategy to:

  • reduce anxiety and unacceptable impulses.
  • protect the mind from anxious thoughts or feelings.
  • deal with anxiety and any kind of unpleasant feelings.

 

Refer to the table to know defence mechanisms:

Repression

Putting things into darkness.

Denial

Unpleasant external realities are ignored.

Regression

Returning to an earlier stage of development.

Reaction Formation

Expressing the opposite of one's true feelings.

Displacement

Taking out frustration and impulses on someone else.

Projection

Attributing one’s unacceptable behaviour on to others.

Rationalization

Justifying unacceptable thoughts by giving logical reasons.

Compensation

Overachieving in one area to compensate failures in another.

Sublimation

Changing socially unacceptable behaviour to an acceptable one.

Identification

Taking on the characteristics of someone viewed as successful.

 

Hence, substantiation is not a defense mechanism exhibited by a child.

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