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Option 1 : Absolute
Absolute instruments or Primary Instruments:
- These instruments give the magnitude of the quantity under measurement in terms of physical constants of the instrument, e.g. Tangent Galvanometer, Absolute electrometer, and Raleigh current balance
- These instruments do not require comparison with any other standard instrument
Secondary instruments:
- These instruments are so constructed that the quantity being measured can only be determined by the output indicated by the instrument, e.g. ammeter, wattmeter and energy meter
- These instruments are calibrated by comparison with an absolute instrument or another secondary instrument, which has already been calibrated against an absolute instrument
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