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Option 3 : 3 only

Explanation:

Types of Cast Iron –

  • Malleable Cast Iron: Malleable cast iron is produced from white cast iron by annealing. During annealing treatment graphite nucleates and grows from the Fe3C to form nodules, 900-950°C for many days / cooling slowly. It is heat-treated iron-carbon alloy, which solidifies in the as-cast condition with a graphite-free structure, i.e., the total carbon content is presence in the cementite form (Fe3C).

Malleable Cast Iron: Carbon : 2.3 – 2.7 wt%, Si: 1.0 – 1.75 wt%, Reasonable strength and improved ductility (Malleable).

  • White Cast Iron – Fe3C + Pearlite, hard and brittle. Show a ‘white’ crystalline fractured surface. High compressive stress.
  • Grey Cast Iron – Microstructure: Graphite flakes in a ferrite or pearlite matrix weak and brittle in tension. Strong in compression.

Excellent wear resistance casting shrinkage is low.

  • Nodular or Ductile Iron – Addition of mg and / or cerium to grey iron converts the graphite flakes to nodules.
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