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  1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
  2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
  3. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
  4. (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
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1 Answers

Option 1 : (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

Preamble to the Constitution of India: The 73-word Preamble to the Constitution of India outlines the ideals that must guide Indian democracy. Together with the Directive Principles of State Policy, it provides the context in which the country can achieve the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.

Set I

(Terms)

Set II

(Explanation)

(a) Socialism
  • The word socialist was not there in the Preamble of the Constitution in its original form.
  • In 1976, the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution incorporated ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’, in the Preamble.
  • The term socialist used here refers to democratic socialism, i.e. achievement of socialist goals through democratic, evolutionary and non-violent means.
  • Democratic socialism aims to end poverty, ignorance, disease and inequality of opportunity i.e all people are equal and resources should be equally shared.

(b) Secularism
  • In the context of secularism in India, it is said that ‘India is neither religious nor irreligious nor anti-religious' or  State has no religion, it is neither pro nor against any religion. 
  • It implies that in India there will be no ‘State’ religion – the ‘State’ will not support any particular religion out of public funds.
  • This has two implications, a) every individual is free to believe in, and practice, any religion he/ she belongs to, and, b) State will not discriminate against any individual or group on the basis of religion.

(c) Democracy
  • The Preamble reflects democracy as a value. As a form of government, it derives its authority from the will of the people. 
  • The people elect the rulers of the country and the elected representatives remain accountable to the people ( government is elected and managed by the people of the country). 
  • The people of India elect them to be part of the government at different levels by a system of universal adult franchise, popularly known as ‘one man one vote’.
  • Democracy contributes to stability, continuous progress in society and it secures peaceful political change.
  • It allows dissent and encourages tolerance.
  • And more importantly, it is based on the principles of rule of law, inalienable rights of citizens, independence of the judiciary, free and fair elections, and freedom of the press.
  • Democracy is generally known as the government of the people, by the people and for the people. 

(d) Republic
  • The Preamble also declares India as a Republic.
  • It means a nation-state that has an elected government and elected leader and he/she is not a hereditary ruler as in the case of the British Monarch.
  • This value strengthens and substantiates democracy where every citizen of India is equally eligible to be elected as the Head of the State.
  • Political equality is the chief message of this provision.
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