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The most important movement for the spread of modern education and social reform among Muslims was started by Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898). The leadership of the League was taken over by Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The "Two-Nation Theory", the belief that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations who could not live in one country, gained popularity among Muslims.
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