1. friction between the earth and the bus
  2. friction between the passengers and the earth
  3. inertia of the passengers
  4. inertia of the bus
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Answer: Option 3

When a moving bus stops suddenly, the passenger are pushed forward because of the inertia of the passengers. So when the bus or train stopped suddenly, a passenger sits inside tends to fall forward. Because the lower part of the body comes to rest with the bus while the upper part tends to continue its motion due to inertia.

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