Introduction
ACL reconstruction replaces a torn anterior cruciate ligament with a graft to restore knee stability. ACL injuries are common in sports and twisting injuries.
Not every ACL tear needs immediate surgery. Age, activity goals, knee instability, and associated injuries (such as meniscus tears) guide the decision. Rehabilitation is essential to success regardless of treatment path.
Why it is done / when it is considered
ACL Reconstruction is commonly discussed in situations such as:
- Knee giving way during daily activities or sport
- Active individuals aiming to return to pivoting sports
- Combined meniscus or cartilage injury needing joint stabilization
- Persistent instability despite physiotherapy and bracing
How the procedure is done
- Most often performed arthroscopically through small incisions
- Graft may come from your hamstring, patellar tendon, or a donor source
- Graft is fixed in bone tunnels with screws or other devices
- Meniscus repair may be done at the same time
Preparation
- Prehabilitation to reduce swelling and restore quadriceps strength helps outcomes
- MRI and anesthesia assessment are standard
- Prepare crutches, brace, and a safe home setup
- Stop smoking and optimize weight when possible
Risks and possible complications
Risks differ by procedure. Your age, other illnesses, and anaesthesia plan change the picture—your care team will explain what applies to you.
- Infection, blood clots, and anesthesia complications
- Graft failure or re-tear
- Stiffness, persistent pain, or numbness
- Long-term osteoarthritis risk is not eliminated by surgery
Recovery
- Structured physiotherapy progresses over many months
- Return to sport often takes 9–12 months or longer with clearance
- Rushing back increases re-injury risk
Aftercare and follow-up
- Use brace and crutches as directed; ice and elevate the leg
- Do not skip prescribed exercises
- Report fever, increasing swelling, calf pain, or instability promptly
Frequently asked questions
Can the ACL be repaired instead of reconstructed?
Most complete tears are treated with reconstruction; selected repair techniques exist in specialized settings.
Can I manage without surgery?
Some less active people cope with physiotherapy and bracing; instability may still prompt surgery later.
When can I walk after ACL surgery?
Timing varies by protocol—many begin protected walking soon, but full recovery takes months.
Important caution
This article is general health information. It is not personal medical advice, a surgery recommendation, or a cost promise.
Decide on need, alternatives, risks, and cost with your doctor and hospital. If you have emergency symptoms, go to hospital without delay.