Tolfenamic acid

Tolfenamic Acid

Tolfenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to manage a variety of conditions, such as inflammation and pain. It is also known by its other names, mefenamic acid and Ponstan, and is available over the counter or by prescription.

Uses for

Tolfenamic acid is commonly used to treat pain and inflammation caused by arthritis, menstrual pain, and other short-term acute pain. It can also be used to reduce fever and reduce some symptoms of allergies and colds.

Brand Name	Tolfenamic acid
Type
Weight
Generic	Tolfenamic acid
Manufacturer
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Tolfenamic acid acts as an NSAID by blocking the production of certain hormones in the body, leading to a decrease in inflammation and pain. The specifics of how this drug works are not yet fully understood, but it is thought to inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, which play a role in the body's inflammatory response.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

The effects of Tolfenamic acid take about 30 minutes to start working. Maximum effects are usually seen at around four to eight hours later. The exact time it takes for this drug to be effective may vary from person to person.

Absorption

Tolfenamic acid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is generally considered to have good bioavailability, meaning that most of the drug molecules present in a dose make it into the bloodstream.

Route of Elimination

Tolfenamic acid is mainly eliminated through the urine. It is partially metabolized in the liver, resulting in the formation of metabolites that are excreted in the urine.

Dosage

200 mg Bolus: 1 bolus/100 kg body weight. 200 mg Bolus can be administered directly into the mouth of the animals, either by dissolving the bolus in water and given as a drench or by mixing with any feed.

Injection: For IM/SC/IV injection only.

Livestock: Pneumonia- 1 ml/20 kg bodyweight & Acute Mastitis- 1 ml/10 kg body weight by IM at neck musculature or slowly at IV. Repeat once only after 48 hours if required.
Dog: 1 ml/10 kg body weight by SC/IM injection and it may be repeated once only after 24 hours if required.
Cat: 1 ml/10 kg body weight by SC injection and it may be repeated once only after 24 hours if required.
Pig: 1 ml/20 kg body weight as a single IM injection in the neck musculature. Or, as directed by the Registered Veterinary Physician.

The recommended dose of Tolfenamic acid for adults and adolescents over 12 years old is 250-500 mg taken 3-4 times a day. This should not exceed a total daily dose of 1.5-2 g.

For children aged 6-12 years old, the recommended dose is 250 mg taken 3 times a day. Up to a maximum of 1 g per day may be prescribed for children in this age range needing long-term treatment.

Administration

Tolfenamic acid can be taken orally, with or without food. It should not be taken with alcoholic drinks or while drinking large amounts of fluids.

Side Effect

Common side effects of Tolfenamic acid include nausea, vomiting, indigestion, stomach pain, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and skin rash. More serious side effects such as bleeding, liver damage, kidney damage, and allergic reactions can occur but are rare.

Toxicity

Tolfenamic acid has a low toxic potential and is generally safe at the recommended dosages. However, overdoses can be dangerous and should be avoided.

Precaution

Patients should inform their doctor of any other medical conditions or medications that they are taking, as Tolfenamic acid may interact with some drugs. It should not be taken by pregnant or breastfeeding women, or people with active bleeding or liver and kidney damage.

Interaction

Tolfenamic acid may interfere with the actions of other drugs. It should not be taken with anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, or corticosteroids. Alcohol should also be avoided.

Disease Interaction

Tolfenamic acid should be used with caution in patients with asthma, cardiovascular diseases, kidney or liver diseases, or digestive ulcers.

Drug Interaction

Tolfenamic acid may interact with several other drugs, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, corticosteroids, lithium, diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and some antibiotics.

Food Interactions

Food does not significantly interfere with the absorption of Tolfenamic acid . However, some foods may trigger gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and indigestion, and should be avoided.

Pregnancy Use

Tolfenamic acid is not recommended for use during pregnancy, as it can be potentially harmful to the developing baby. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not take this drug.

Lactation Use

Tolfenamic acid is not recommended for use during lactation, as it can pass into the breast milk and cause adverse effects in the nursing infant. Women who are breastfeeding should not take this drug.

Acute Overdose

Overdoses of Tolfenamic acid can be dangerous and require immediate medical treatment. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and diarrhea.

Contraindication

Tolfenamic acid should not be taken by patients who have a history of allergies to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other medications. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe kidney or liver diseases, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Use Direction

Tolfenamic acid should be taken orally, with or without food. The recommended dose for adults and adolescents is between 250 mg to 500 mg, taken 3 to 4 times a day. This should not exceed a total daily dose of 1.5 to 2 g.

Storage Condition

Tolfenamic acid should be stored at room temperature in a dry, well-ventilated place away from light and moisture. It should be kept in its original container with the packaging untouched.