Introduction
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray is a serotonin receptor agonist commonly used to treat migraines and sometimes cluster headaches. Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray is the first of the triptans and was made available in Europe in 1991 to treat migraines.
Uses
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray is a serotonin receptor agonist used to treat migraines and cluster headaches.
A combination sumatriptan and naproxen tablet is indicated for the treatment of migraines with or without auras in patients 12 years of age and older. Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray nasal powder, nasal spray, subcutaneous injection, and tablets are indicated to treat migraines with or without auras in adults. One of the subcutaneous formulations of sumatriptan is also indicated to treat cluster headaches in adults, while the other subcutaneous formulation is not.
Associated Conditions
Pharmacodynamics
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray constricts cranial blood vessels and prevents the release of vasoactive peptides. The dose of sumatriptan varies widely by route of administration and in most cases, no more than 2 doses should be given daily. Medication overuse headaches may occur in patients who use sumatriptan frequently.
Mechanism of Action
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray is an agonist of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D. This agonism leads to constriction of cranial blood vessels and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides. Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray decreases carotid arterial blood flow, but increases blood flow velocity in the internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery.
Absorption
A 6mg subcutaneous injection of sumatriptan reaches a Cmax of 69.5ng/mL (95% CI of 62.8-76.9ng/mL) with a Tmax of 0.17h (95% CI of 0.08-0.33h), an AUC of 9.0h*ng/mL (95% CI of 7.5-10.9h*ng/mL), and a bioavailability of 100%.
A 25mg oral dose of sumatriptan reaches a Cmax of 16.5ng/mL (95% CI of 13.5-20.1ng/mL) with a Tmax of 1.50h (95% CI of 0.50-2.00h), an AUC of 8.7h*ng/mL (95% CI of 6.1-12.5h*ng/mL), and a bioavailability of 14.3% (95% CI of 11.4-17.9%).
A 20mg intranasal dose of sumatriptan reaches a Cmax of 12.9ng/mL (95% CI of 10.5-15.9ng/mL) with a Tmax of 1.50h (95% CI of 0.25-3.00h), an AUC of 7.4h*ng/mL (95% CI of 5.0-10.8h*ng/mL), and a bioavailability of 15.8% (95% CI of 12.6-19.8%).
A 25mg rectal dose of sumatriptan reaches a Cmax of 22.9ng/mL (95% CI of 18.4-28.6ng/mL) with a Tmax of 1.00h (95% CI of 0.75-3.00h), an AUC of 14.6h*ng/mL (95% CI of 11.3-18.8h*ng/mL), and a bioavailability of 19.2% (95% CI of 15.3-24.1%).
Volume of Distribution
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray has a volume of distribution of 50±8L for a 6mg subcutaneous dose, or 2.7L/kg.
Protein Binding
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray is 14%-21% bound to protein in circulation.
Route of Elimination
22±4% is excreted in the urine as unchanged sumatriptan and 38±7% in urine as indole acetic acid approximately 40% is excreted in the feces.
Half Life
Subcutaneous sumatriptan has a half life of 1.9h (95% CI of 1.7-2.0h). Oral sumatriptan has a half life of 1.7h (95% CI of 1.4-1.9h). Rectal sumatriptan has a half life of 1.8h (95% CI of 1.6-2.2h). Intrsnasal sumatriptan has a half life of 1.8h (95% CI of 1.7-2.0h).
Clearance
Subcutaneous sumatriptan has a clearance of 0.22L/min (95% CI of 0.19-0.25L/min). Oral sumatriptan has a clearance of 0.17L/min (95% CI of 0.14-0.21L/min). Rectal sumatriptan has a clearance of 0.17L/min (95% CI of 0.14-0.21L/min). Intrsnasal sumatriptan has a clearance of 0.21L/min (95% CI of 0.18-0.25L/min). Total plasma clearance of sumatriptan is approximately 1200mL/min.
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, tremor, paralysis, inactivity, ptosis, erythema of the extremities, abnormal respiration, cyanosis, ataxia, mydriasis, salivation, and lacrimation. Overdoses may be fatal and patients should be monitored for 3-5 half lives or while symptoms persist.
Food Interactions
- Avoid excessive or chronic alcohol consumption. Alcohol increased the risk of GI bleeding, ulcer, and perforation when taken with sumatriptan.
- Take with or without food.
Dosage
Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray tablets: In controlled clinical trials, single doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg of Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray tablets were effective for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. There is evidence that doses of 50 and 100 mg may provide a greater effect than 25 mg. There is also evidence that doses of 100 mg do not provide a greater effect than 50 mg. Individuals may vary in response to doses of Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray tablets. The choice of dose should therefore be made on an individual basis, weighing the possible benefit of a higher dose with the potential for a greater risk of adverse events.
If the headache returns or the patient has a partial response to the initial dose, the dose may be repeated after 2 hours, not to exceed a total daily dose of 200 mg. If a headache returns following an initial treatment with Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray Injection, additional single Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray Tablets (up to 100 mg/day) may be given with an interval of at least 2 hours between tablet doses. The safety of treating an average of more than 4 headaches in a 30-day period has not been established.
Use in children and adolescents: Sumatrex Nasal Spray 10 mg/spray is not recommended for use in patients younger than 18 years of age.
