Quetolex Tablet

Introduction

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is an atypical antipsychotic used primarily to treat mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) as an adjunctive treatment. It is known for its efficacy in managing symptoms of these conditions and its relatively favorable side effect profile compared to older antipsychotic medications.

Uses

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is used for:

Treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents aged 13 to 17 years.
Management of bipolar disorder, including both manic and depressive episodes.
Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults when used with other antidepressants.

Brand Name	Quetolex
Type	Tablet
Weight	100 mg
Generic	Quetiapine Fumarate
Manufacturer	The White Horse Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg works by modulating the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. It acts as an antagonist at several receptors, including serotonin (5-HT2A) and dopamine (D2) receptors. This balanced receptor profile contributes to its antipsychotic effects and its ability to manage mood disorders. It also has a moderate effect on histamine H1 receptors, which can contribute to its sedative properties.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg typically begins to show its effects within 1-2 weeks of starting treatment, with more significant improvements often seen within 4-6 weeks. Full therapeutic effects may take several weeks to months, particularly in the treatment of mood disorders.

Absorption

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is well absorbed after oral administration. The peak plasma concentrations are reached approximately 1.5 hours after dosing. Food does not significantly affect the absorption of quetiapine.

Route of Elimination

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, mainly CYP3A4. The drug and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine, with a smaller amount excreted in the feces.

Dosage

Acute and chronic psychoses, including schizophrenia: Quetiapine should be administered twice daily, with or without food. The total daily dose for the first four days of therapy is 50 mg (Day 1), 100 mg (Day 2), 200 mg (Day 3) and 300 mg (Day 4). From Day 4 onwards, the dose should be titrated to the usual effective dose range of 300-450 mg/day. However, this may be adjusted, depending on the clinical response and tolerability of the individual patient, within the range 150 to 750 mg/day.

Manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder: Quetiapine should be administered twice daily, with or without food. The total daily dose for the first four days of therapy is 100 mg (Day 1), 200 mg (Day 2), 300 mg (Day 3) and 400 mg (Day 4). Further dosage adjustments up to 800mg/day by Day 6 should be in increments of no greater than 200 mg/day. The dose may be adjusted depending on clinical response & tolerability of the individual patient, within the range of 200 to 800 mg/day. The usual effective dose is in the range of 400 to 800mg/day.

Depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder: Quetiapine should be administered once daily at bedtime, with or without food. The usual dose is 300 mg/day. The daily dose for the first four days of therapy is 50 mg (Day 1), 100 mg (Day 2), 200 mg (Day 3) and 300 mg (Day 4). Quetiapine can be titrated to 400 mg on Day 5 and up to 600mg by Day 8. Antidepressant efficacy was demonstrated with Quetiapine at 300mg and 600 mg, however no additional benefit was seen in the 600mg group during short term treatment.

Maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder in combination with mood stabilizers: Patients who have responded to Quetiapine in combination therapy with a mood stabiliser for acute treatment of bipolar disorder should continue on Quetiapine therapy at the same dose. Quetiapine dose can be re-adjusted depending on clinical response and tolerability of the individual patient. Efficacy was demonstrated with Quetiapine (administered twice daily totalling 400mg to 800mg a day) as combination therapy with a mood stabilizer.

The dosage of Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is individualized based on the condition being treated and the patient's response. Typical dosing is:

For schizophrenia: Initial dose of 25-50 mg twice daily, increasing gradually to 300-400 mg daily in divided doses, with a maximum dose of 800 mg daily.
For bipolar disorder (manic episodes): Initial dose of 50 mg twice daily, increasing to 400-800 mg daily in divided doses.
For bipolar disorder (depressive episodes): Initial dose of 50 mg at bedtime, increasing to 300 mg daily.
For major depressive disorder (adjunctive treatment): Initial dose of 50 mg at bedtime, increasing to 150-300 mg daily.

Administration

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg should be administered orally, with or without food. It is usually taken twice daily or once daily at bedtime, depending on the condition being treated and the formulation used (immediate-release or extended-release).

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

Drowsiness or sedation.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Dry mouth.
Weight gain and increased appetite.
Constipation.

Serious side effects may include:

Extrapyramidal symptoms (such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia).
Metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a rare but severe condition.
QT prolongation and potential for arrhythmias.

Toxicity

Overdose of Quetolex Tablet 100 mg can lead to severe sedation, hypotension, and tachycardia. Other symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, fainting, and, in severe cases, coma. Immediate medical attention is required in case of overdose, and symptomatic treatment should be initiated.

Precautions

Precautions include:

Monitoring for signs of metabolic syndrome, including weight gain and blood glucose levels.
Regular assessment of liver function and blood counts, especially in long-term use.
Use with caution in patients with a history of seizures, cardiovascular conditions, or those at risk for QT prolongation.

Interaction

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg may interact with other medications, including:

CYP3A4 inhibitors (such as ketoconazole) which can increase quetiapine levels and the risk of side effects.
Other central nervous system depressants, which may enhance sedative effects.

Disease Interaction

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg should be used with caution in patients with:

History of cardiovascular disease or conditions that may predispose to QT prolongation.
Severe liver impairment, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
Diabetes or significant risk factors for diabetes.

Drug Interaction

Drug interactions may include:

Increased effects or side effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.
Potential interaction with other drugs that affect the central nervous system, including alcohol.

Food Interactions

There are no significant food interactions with Quetolex Tablet 100 mg. However, it is advisable to maintain a consistent diet and take the medication as directed to avoid any unexpected effects.

Pregnancy Use

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is classified as Category C for pregnancy. It should only be used if the benefits outweigh the risks. Consultation with a healthcare provider is crucial for managing psychiatric conditions during pregnancy.

Lactation Use

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is excreted in breast milk. It should be used with caution in breastfeeding women, and monitoring of the infant for potential adverse effects is recommended.

Acute Overdose

Acute overdose can result in severe sedation, hypotension, and tachycardia. Immediate medical attention is necessary, and symptomatic treatment should be administered.

Contraindication

Contraindications include:

Hypersensitivity to quetiapine or any of its components.
Patients with severe hepatic impairment or history of severe adverse reactions to the drug.

Use Direction

Administer Quetolex Tablet 100 mg as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Adhere to the dosage instructions and attend regular follow-up appointments for monitoring and dose adjustments.

Storage Conditions

Store Quetolex Tablet 100 mg at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep it in a tightly closed container out of reach of children.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution for Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is approximately 10-20 L/kg, indicating extensive distribution into body tissues.

Half Life

The half-life of Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is approximately 6-7 hours for the immediate-release formulation and up to 12 hours for the extended-release formulation.

Clearance

Quetolex Tablet 100 mg is primarily cleared by the liver, with renal excretion playing a secondary role. The rate of clearance can be affected by liver function and other factors.

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