Pheniramine Maleate

Introduction

Pheniramine Maleate is an antihistamine commonly used to alleviate symptoms associated with allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. It is part of the first-generation antihistamines, which are known for their sedative effects as well as their effectiveness in treating allergy symptoms.

Uses

Pheniramine Maleate is used to treat a variety of allergic conditions, including:

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Allergic conjunctivitis (eye allergies)
Urticaria (hives)
Pruritus (itchiness) due to allergic reactions

Brand Name	Pheniramine Maleate
Type
Weight
Generic	Pheniramine Maleate
Manufacturer
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Pheniramine Maleate works by blocking H1 histamine receptors in the body. Histamine is a substance released during allergic reactions that contributes to symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. By antagonizing these receptors, Pheniramine Maleate reduces the effects of histamine and alleviates allergy symptoms.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

Pheniramine Maleate typically begins to take effect within 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The onset of action can vary based on the formulation and individual patient factors. The peak effect is usually observed within 2 to 3 hours.

Absorption

Pheniramine Maleate is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. It reaches peak plasma concentrations typically within 1 to 2 hours. The absorption may be affected by the presence of food in the stomach, although this effect is generally minor.

Route of Elimination

Pheniramine Maleate is primarily metabolized in the liver. The drug and its metabolites are excreted mainly through the urine. Approximately 50% of the dose is excreted in the urine as metabolites, with the rest being excreted in feces.

Dosage

Doses must be individually determined in all cases and should be taken with or soon after food. Treatment should be commenced at the lowest possible dose because experience has shown that antihistamines are often effective at low doses. The maximum dose of 3 mg/kg per day should not be exceeded. Elderly patients should use the adult dose with caution.

To prevent travel sickness, it is recommended that the first dose be taken at least 30 minutes before traveling. Due to the risk of drowsiness, the patient should not drive a motor vehicle or operate machinery after taking a dose.

Pheniramine Maleate tablets:

In adults and children over 10 years of age: Treatment is commenced with half a tablet taken up to three times daily. This dose may be increased to one tablet taken up to three times daily if required.
Children 5-10 years of age: Half a tablet up to three times daily. Pheniramine Maleate tablets are not recommended in children under 5 years of age.

The dosage of Pheniramine Maleate depends on the specific formulation and the condition being treated. Common dosages include:

Adults: 12 to 24 mg taken orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not exceeding 96 mg per day.
Children: Dosing should be adjusted based on age and weight, typically ranging from 2 to 6 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed, with a maximum of 24 mg per day.

Always follow the specific dosing instructions provided by a healthcare provider or on the product label.

Administration

Pheniramine Maleate is typically administered orally. It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid preparations. It should be taken with or without food as directed by the product label or healthcare provider.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Pheniramine Maleate include:

Drowsiness or sedation
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Constipation

Serious side effects are less common but may include severe allergic reactions, confusion, or hallucinations. Seek medical attention if any severe side effects occur.

Toxicity

In cases of overdose, symptoms may include severe drowsiness, hallucinations, seizures, and respiratory depression. Immediate medical attention is required in cases of overdose. Treatment typically involves supportive care and symptomatic management.

Precautions

Precautions for Pheniramine Maleate include:

Use with caution in individuals with a history of glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, or urinary retention due to the potential anticholinergic effects.
Be cautious when using in combination with other central nervous system depressants or alcohol, as it may enhance sedative effects.
Monitor for signs of severe allergic reactions, particularly if there is a history of severe allergies.

Interaction

Pheniramine Maleate may interact with other medications, including:

Other antihistamines or sedatives, increasing the risk of sedation.
Alcohol or central nervous system depressants, which may enhance drowsiness and impair cognitive and motor functions.

Consult a healthcare provider before combining Pheniramine Maleate with other medications or substances.

Disease Interaction

Pheniramine Maleate should be used with caution in patients with:

Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to the potential anticholinergic effects.
Cardiovascular disease, as it may exacerbate certain conditions.

Drug Interaction

Drug interactions with Pheniramine Maleate can include:

Increased risk of sedation when used with other sedatives or alcohol.
Potential for interaction with other medications that affect the central nervous system or have anticholinergic properties.

Review all medications and consult a healthcare provider to manage potential interactions.

Food Interactions

There are no significant food interactions with Pheniramine Maleate . It can be taken with or without food. However, food may slow the absorption slightly.

Pregnancy Use

Pheniramine Maleate is classified as a Category B drug during pregnancy, indicating that it is not expected to harm the fetus. However, it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, and the potential benefits and risks should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Lactation Use

The safety of Pheniramine Maleate during lactation is not well-established. It is unknown whether the drug is excreted in breast milk. Caution is advised when using it in breastfeeding mothers, and a healthcare provider should be consulted to weigh the risks and benefits.

Acute Overdose

In the event of an acute overdose, symptoms may include severe drowsiness, hallucinations, agitation, and seizures. Immediate medical attention is necessary. Treatment may involve supportive care and the use of activated charcoal to reduce drug absorption.

Contraindication

Pheniramine Maleate is contraindicated in patients with:

Severe hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components.
Severe angle-closure glaucoma.
Severe prostatic hyperplasia or bladder obstruction.

Use Direction

Pheniramine Maleate should be used according to the dosage instructions provided on the product label or by a healthcare provider. Adhere to the recommended dosage and frequency to minimize side effects and maximize efficacy.

Storage Conditions

Store Pheniramine Maleate at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep the medication out of reach of children and do not use after the expiration date indicated on the packaging.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution for Pheniramine Maleate is approximately 2 to 3 liters/kg, indicating that the drug is distributed throughout the body's tissues and fluids, including the central nervous system.

Half Life

The half-life of Pheniramine Maleate is approximately 2 to 4 hours. This relatively short half-life contributes to its need for multiple doses throughout the day to maintain therapeutic effects.

Clearance

Pheniramine Maleate is cleared from the body primarily through the urine. The drug's clearance is affected by its metabolism in the liver and renal excretion of its metabolites. Renal function can impact the drug's clearance rate.

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