Paracetamol Introduction
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic (pain relieving) and antipyretic (fever reducing) drug. For relief of mild to moderate pain, it is one of the most popular and commonly used medications around the world. It is available in multiple forms, such as tablets, capsules, syrups and suppositories.
Uses for Paracetamol
Paracetamol is primarily used to treat pain, such as headaches, muscle and joint pain, backaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, arthritis, and pain from minor injuries. It is also used to relieve fever and minor sore throat. It may be used in combination with other drugs for certain conditions, such as cold and flu.
| Brand Name | Paracetamol |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Weight | |
| Generic | Paracetamol |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available in | English বাংলা |
Mechanism of Action
Paracetamol works by blocking the production of prostaglandins, substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation. It also works to reduce fever by affecting certain parts of the brain that regulate body temperature.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Paracetamol usually begins to work within 30 minutes of taking it. Its effects last for about 4 to 6 hours.
Absorption
Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring between 30 minutes and two hours after ingestion.
Route of Elimination
Paracetamol is mainly eliminated through the kidneys. It is metabolized into glucuronide and sulfate conjugates that are eliminated in the urine.
Dosage
Tablet:- Adult: 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 gm (8 tablets) daily.
- Children (6-12 years): ½ to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. For long term treatment it is wise not to exceed the dose beyond 2.6 gm/day.
- Adults & Children over 12 years: Two tablets, swallowed whole, every 6 to 8 hours (maximum of 6 tablets in any 24 hours).The tablet must not be crushed.
- Children under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily.
- 3 months to below 1 year: ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
- 1-5 years: 1 -2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
- 6-12 years: 2-A teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
- Adults: 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily.
- Children 3-12 months: 60-120 mg,4 times daily.
- Children 1-5 years: 125-250 mg 4 times daily.
- Children 6-12 years: 250-500 mg 4 times daily.
- Adults & children over 12 years: 0.5-1 gm 4 times daily.
- Children Upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg)
- 4 to 11 months: 1.0 ml (80 mg)
- 7 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg). Do not exceed more than 5 dose daily for a maximum of 5 days.
- Adults and children (aged 12 years and over): Take 1 to 2 Tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
- Children (7 to 11 years): Take ½-1 Tablet every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 4 caplets in 24 hours. Not recommended in children under 7 years.
It is important to read the manufacturer's instructions when taking Paracetamol . For adults, the recommended dose is 500 to 1000 mg every four to six hours, with a maximum dose of 4000 mg per day.
Administration
Paracetamol can be taken orally or rectally. It is typically taken every four to six hours as needed, with or without food.
Side Effects
Paracetamol is generally well tolerated. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, rash, and drowsiness. It can also cause hives, itching, and dizziness in some people.
Toxicity
Taking more than the recommended dose of Paracetamol can be toxic and can lead to liver damage. The maximum recommended daily dose for adults is 4000 mg per day.
Precaution
Some people should avoid taking Paracetamol or use it with caution. It should not be taken by people with liver or kidney disease, as it can cause further damage to those organs. It should also be avoided by pregnant women or those who are breastfeeding.
Interactions
Some medications can interact with Paracetamol and may increase the risk of adverse effects. It should not be taken with alcohol or other drugs without consulting a doctor. It can also interact with certain herbal products.
Disease Interaction
Paracetamol can interact with certain medical conditions. People with liver or kidney disease, preexisting breathing problems, high blood pressure or anemia should talk to their doctor before taking it.
Drug Interaction
Paracetamol can interact with other medications and substances. It should not be taken with alcohol or other drugs without consulting a doctor. It can also interact with certain herbal products.
Food Interactions
Paracetamol should be taken with plenty of water. Certain foods may reduce the absorption of Paracetamol , so it should be taken with a full glass of water or other liquid.
Pregnancy Use
Paracetamol should not be used during pregnancy unless directed by a healthcare professional. Taking it in the first trimester may increase the risk of certain birth defects.
Lactation Use
Paracetamol can pass into breast milk in small amounts and may cause side effects in the infant. It should not be taken by nursing mothers unless directed by a healthcare professional.
Acute Overdose
Taking more than the recommended dose of Paracetamol can be toxic and can lead to liver damage. It is important to seek medical help if an overdose is suspected.
Contraindications
Paracetamol should not be taken by people with certain medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease, anemia, asthma, gout, or peptic ulcers. It should also be avoided by pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers.
Use Direction
Paracetamol should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional. It should be taken with plenty of water and not taken with alcohol or other drugs.
Storage Condition
Paracetamol should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, moisture and light. It should be kept in the original container and out of reach of children.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution for Paracetamol is 0.15 L/kg, indicating that it distributes evenly throughout the body.
Half Life
The half-life of Paracetamol is 1.25 to 3 hours, meaning it takes that amount of time for the concentration of the drug in the blood to be reduced by half.
Clearance
The mean clearance of Paracetamol is 0.25 L/hr/kg, indicating that it is rapidly cleared from the body.
See in details version Paracetamol also Paracetamol in bangla
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Paracetamol
1. What is Paracetamol ?
Paracetamol , also known as acetaminophen, is a common over-the-counter medication used to relieve pain and reduce fever.
2. How does Paracetamol work?
Paracetamol works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. This helps in reducing pain and lowering fever.
3. What conditions does Paracetamol treat?
Paracetamol is used to treat:
- Headaches
- Muscle aches
- Arthritis
- Back pain
- Toothaches
- Fever
- Cough and cold symptoms
4. What is the recommended dosage of Paracetamol ?
The usual dosage for adults is 500 mg to 1000 mg every 4 to 6 hours, not exceeding 4000 mg in 24 hours. Always follow the instructions on the label or your doctor's advice.
5. Can I take Paracetamol with alcohol?
It is not recommended to take Paracetamol with alcohol, as excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of liver damage when combined with Paracetamol .
6. Can Paracetamol be used during pregnancy?
Paracetamol is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy for short-term pain relief or fever reduction. However, always consult your healthcare provider before using it.
7. Is Paracetamol safe while breastfeeding?
Paracetamol is considered safe to use while breastfeeding, as only small amounts pass into breast milk. However, it's important to use the lowest effective dose and consult your healthcare provider.
8. What are the side effects of Paracetamol ?
Common side effects of Paracetamol include:
- Rare allergic reactions (skin rash, swelling)
- Liver damage (when overdosed)
- Upset stomach or nausea (in some cases)
9. Can Paracetamol cause liver damage?
Yes, an overdose of Paracetamol can lead to serious liver damage, which can be life-threatening. It is essential not to exceed the recommended dosage.
10. How should Paracetamol be stored?
Paracetamol should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from heat and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children to prevent accidental overdose.
11. Can I take Paracetamol for a headache?
Yes, Paracetamol is commonly used to treat headaches, including tension headaches and mild migraines.
12. Can I take Paracetamol for a sore throat?
Yes, Paracetamol can help relieve pain and discomfort associated with a sore throat. However, it does not treat the underlying cause of the sore throat, such as an infection.
13. How long does Paracetamol take to work?
Paracetamol usually starts to work within 30 minutes to 1 hour after ingestion, depending on individual factors like metabolism.
14. Can children take Paracetamol ?
Yes, Paracetamol is safe for children, but the dosage must be adjusted based on their age and weight. Always follow the instructions provided on the label or by your doctor.
15. Is there a maximum dose for Paracetamol ?
The maximum dose for an adult is 4000 mg in 24 hours. Exceeding this limit can cause liver damage. Children’s doses vary based on age and weight.
16. Can Paracetamol cause an allergic reaction?
While rare, Paracetamol can cause allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.
17. Can I take Paracetamol with other medications?
Paracetamol is generally safe to use with most medications. However, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist before combining it with other drugs, especially if they contain Paracetamol or affect liver function.
18. Is Paracetamol safe for elderly people?
Yes, Paracetamol is generally considered safe for elderly people when taken at the correct dose. However, they may be more susceptible to side effects, especially liver damage. Dosage adjustments may be necessary.
19. Can Paracetamol be used for menstrual cramps?
Yes, Paracetamol can help relieve pain associated with menstrual cramps. It works by reducing the pain and discomfort caused by the cramps.
20. How should I take Paracetamol ?
Paracetamol should be taken with a full glass of water, either with or without food. Avoid taking it with alcohol, as it can increase the risk of liver damage.
21. Can I take Paracetamol with a cold or flu?
Yes, Paracetamol is commonly used to treat symptoms of the cold and flu, such as fever, body aches, and headaches.
22. What should I do if I overdose on Paracetamol ?
If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, confusion, and jaundice. Early treatment is essential to prevent liver damage.
23. Can Paracetamol be taken for back pain?
Yes, Paracetamol is effective for relieving mild to moderate back pain, especially when accompanied by muscle aches or inflammation.
24. Can I take Paracetamol if I have liver disease?
If you have liver disease, you should consult your doctor before taking Paracetamol , as it can worsen liver function in individuals with liver conditions.
25. How often can I take Paracetamol ?
Paracetamol can be taken every 4 to 6 hours, but it should not exceed 4000 mg in 24 hours. Always follow the instructions on the label or your doctor's recommendations.
26. Does Paracetamol reduce fever?
Yes, Paracetamol is commonly used to reduce fever and make you feel more comfortable when you are sick.
27. Can Paracetamol be taken for toothache?
Yes, Paracetamol can help alleviate toothache pain temporarily, but it is important to see a dentist for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
28. Is Paracetamol the same as ibuprofen?
No, Paracetamol and ibuprofen are different medications. Paracetamol is mainly used for pain relief and fever reduction, while ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug that can also relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
29. Can I take Paracetamol with high blood pressure medication?
Yes, Paracetamol is generally considered safe for people with high blood pressure. However, always consult your doctor before using it in combination with other medications.
30. Can I take Paracetamol for muscle aches?
Yes, Paracetamol is effective for relieving mild to moderate muscle aches and pains.
31. What are the signs of Paracetamol toxicity?
Signs of Paracetamol toxicity include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, confusion, and yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice). If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical help.
32. Can I take Paracetamol if I have asthma?
Yes, Paracetamol is safe for most people with asthma. However, if you have any concerns or underlying conditions, consult your healthcare provider before taking it.
33. Can Paracetamol help with joint pain?
Yes, Paracetamol can help relieve joint pain, especially if it is caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
34. Can I use Paracetamol to treat inflammation?
Paracetamol is not an anti-inflammatory drug, so it may not be as effective as ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing inflammation.
35. Does Paracetamol have any interactions with food?
There are no significant food interactions with Paracetamol . However, it is recommended to avoid alcohol while taking this medication to prevent liver damage.
36. How long should I take Paracetamol for pain?
Paracetamol should be taken for the shortest duration necessary to control pain. If pain persists, consult your healthcare provider for further treatment options.
37. Can Paracetamol be taken for shingles pain?
Yes, Paracetamol can help relieve the pain associated with shingles, but antiviral medications are needed to treat the infection itself.
38. Is Paracetamol suitable for people with ulcers?
Paracetamol is usually safe for people with stomach ulcers, as it does not irritate the stomach lining. However, always consult your doctor before using it.
39. Can I use Paracetamol if I have kidney problems?
Paracetamol is generally safe for people with mild kidney problems, but if you have severe kidney disease, you should consult your doctor before using it.
40. Is Paracetamol effective for migraine relief?
Paracetamol can help relieve mild to moderate migraine pain. However, stronger medications like triptans may be more effective for severe migraines.
41. Does Paracetamol cause drowsiness?
Paracetamol does not typically cause drowsiness, making it suitable for use during the day when you need to remain alert.
42. Can I take Paracetamol for a cold?
Yes, Paracetamol can help alleviate symptoms of a cold, such as fever and body aches. However, it does not treat the underlying viral infection.
43. How should I dispose of unused Paracetamol ?
Unused Paracetamol should be disposed of according to local regulations. You can also consult your pharmacist for guidance on proper disposal methods.
44. Can I take Paracetamol with other pain relievers?
It is not advisable to combine Paracetamol with other pain relievers that contain the same active ingredient (acetaminophen) to avoid an overdose. Always check the label or consult your doctor.
45. Is Paracetamol available over the counter?
Yes, Paracetamol is available over-the-counter without a prescription at most pharmacies and drugstores.
46. What happens if I miss a dose of Paracetamol ?
If you miss a dose of Paracetamol , take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. Never double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
47. How does Paracetamol compare to aspirin?
Paracetamol is a pain reliever and fever reducer, while aspirin also works as an anti-inflammatory. Paracetamol is generally gentler on the stomach, whereas aspirin can cause irritation.
48. Is Paracetamol effective for toothache relief?
Yes, Paracetamol is effective in providing temporary relief for toothaches. However, it is essential to consult a dentist for a permanent solution.
49. Can Paracetamol be used to treat sinusitis?
Paracetamol can help relieve sinus pain and fever associated with sinusitis but will not treat the underlying infection. A healthcare provider may recommend other treatments for sinusitis.
50. Can Paracetamol be taken for earache?
Yes, Paracetamol can help relieve mild earache pain, but it is important to consult a doctor to rule out any underlying infections or conditions.
