Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride

Introduction

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine, used to treat symptoms of allergies and hay fever, such as itching, runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, and rashes. It is also used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and tremors.

Uses

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is used to relieve the symptoms of allergies, hay fever, the common cold, and other breathing illnesses. It is also used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and tremors. It is also used to treat certain symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, such as stiffness, tremors, muscle spasms, and poor muscle control.

Brand Name	Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Type
Weight
Generic	Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Manufacturer
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride works by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical found in the body that leads to symptoms of allergic reactions. It also blocks the action of acetylcholine, another chemical found in the body. Acetylcholine is responsible for muscle contractions and other nerve signals. By blocking the action of both histamine and acetylcholine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride can relieve the symptoms of allergies and prevent muscle contractions.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride usually takes about 30 minutes to start working. The effects will usually last for 4-6 hours.

Absorption

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. peak levels in the bloodstream occur within 2-4 hours after ingestion.

Route of Elimination

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is metabolized by the liver and excreted from the body through the kidneys in the form of metabolites.

Dosage

Antihistamine and antitussive:
Tablet:

• Adults: 25 mg to 50 mg 3 to 4 times daily.
• Children (10 years or over): 25 mg 3 or 4 times daily or as directed by the physician.

Syrup:

• Children under 2 years: 2.5 mL every 4 to 6 hours.
• Children 2 to under 6 years: 5 mL every 4 to 6 hours.
• Children 6 to 12 years: 10-20 mL every 4 to 6 hours.
• Adults and children≥12 years: 10-20 mL every 4 to 6 hours.

Sleep aid:
Adults and children over 12 years: 50 mg at bedtime. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is available in capsule, tablet, liquid, and injectable forms. For adults, the recommended dose is 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours. For children over 12 years of age, the recommended dose is 25 mg every 4-6 hours. For children under 12 years of age, the dose should be determined by the doctor.

Administration

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride should be taken with food or a glass of water to prevent stomach irritation. It should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. For injection, it should be slowly injected into a large muscle, such as the buttock, thigh, or upper arm.

Side Effects

Common side effects of diphenhydramine hydrochloride include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and confusion. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, blurred vision, difficulty urinating, and confusion. If any of these side effects are severe or do not go away, contact your doctor.

Toxicity

Overdose of diphenhydramine hydrochloride can result in serious health complications, including seizures, coma, and death. It is important to be aware of the signs of an overdose, which include confusion, hallucinations, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, and extreme drowsiness. If an overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Precaution

You should not take diphenhydramine hydrochloride if you are allergic to it or any of its ingredients. You should also not take this medicine if you have glaucoma, asthma, or any other respiratory problem. It is also not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age.

Interaction

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride may interact with other medicines, such as antacids, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and phenothiazines. It is important to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Disease Interaction

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride may interact with certain diseases. For example, it can interact with narrow-angle glaucoma, asthma, or other breathing problems. It can also interact with certain seizure medications.

Drug Interactions

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can interact with other medications, such as alcohol, antacids, antibiotics, antifungals, barbiturates, heart medications, HIV medications, muscle relaxers, and seizure medications. It is also important to tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements you are taking.

Food Interactions

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can interact with certain foods, such as antacids, caffeine, alcohol, and grapefruit juice. It is important to tell your doctor about all foods you are eating.

Pregnancy Use

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is not recommended for use during pregnancy. It may cause serious harm to the unborn baby. Therefore, it is important to tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication.

Lactation Use

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. It may pass into breast milk and cause harm to the baby. Therefore, it is important to tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed while using this medication.

Acute Overdose

An overdose of diphenhydramine hydrochloride can be dangerous and even fatal. Signs and symptoms of an overdose include confusion, hallucination, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, and extreme drowsiness. If an overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Contraindication

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is not recommended for use if you are allergic to it or any of its ingredients. It is also not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age.

Use Direction

Take diphenhydramine hydrochloride exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more or less than the prescribed dose. Do not take it more often than directed. Take it with or without food, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. If you are using the liquid form, measure the dose with a marked measuring spoon or cup.

Storage Condition

Store diphenhydramine hydrochloride at room temperature between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Protect it from light and moisture. Keep this medication out of the reach of children and pets.

Volume of Distribution

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride has a volume of distribution of approximately 7.30 L/Kg.

Half Life

The half life of diphenhydramine hydrochloride is approximately 6-9 hours.

Clearance

The clearance of diphenhydramine hydrochloride is approximately 1.87 L/Kg/hr.

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