Introduction
Cyclizine Hydrochloride is an antihistamine commonly used to treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness and vertigo. It is a first-generation antihistamine with sedative properties that help to manage symptoms related to inner ear disorders and travel-related nausea.
Uses
Cyclizine Hydrochloride is primarily used for:
- Motion Sickness: To prevent and treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with travel or motion.
- Vertigo: To relieve symptoms of vertigo and dizziness caused by vestibular disorders.
- Postoperative Nausea: To manage nausea and vomiting following surgery, though other medications are typically preferred.
| Brand Name | Cyclizine Hydrochloride |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Weight | |
| Generic | Cyclizine Hydrochloride |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available in | English বাংলা |
Mechanism of Action
Cyclizine Hydrochloride works by blocking histamine H1 receptors in the brain, particularly in the vestibular system, which helps to reduce symptoms of nausea and dizziness. It also has anticholinergic properties that contribute to its antiemetic effects.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
The onset of action for Cyclizine Hydrochloride is typically within 30 minutes to 1 hour after oral administration. Its effects generally last for about 4 to 6 hours, making it effective for short-term management of symptoms.
Absorption
Cyclizine Hydrochloride is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are usually reached within 2 to 3 hours.
Route of Elimination
The drug is metabolized primarily in the liver. It is excreted mainly in the urine as metabolites, with a small amount being eliminated in the feces.
Dosage
Motion Sickness:- Adults: 1 Tablet (50 mg)
- Children: (6 years & above): 1/2 Tablet (25 mg). 1 tablet should be taken at least 30 minutes before journey (before or after meal), repeat 1 tablet if journey is more than 6 hours
- Adults: 1 Tablet (50 mg) every 6-8 hours daily
- Children: (6 years & above): 1/2 Tablet (25 mg) every 6-8 hours daily
The typical dosage of Cyclizine Hydrochloride is:
- Adults: 50 mg orally, taken 30 minutes before travel, and repeated every 4 to 6 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 200 mg per day.
- Children (over 6 years): 25 mg orally, taken 30 minutes before travel, and repeated every 6 to 8 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 75 mg per day.
Administration
Cyclizine Hydrochloride is administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid. It is best taken with water and can be taken with or without food.
Side Effects
Common side effects include:
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
Toxicity
Toxicity may occur with excessive doses and can lead to symptoms such as severe drowsiness, agitation, hallucinations, and seizures. Immediate medical attention is required in case of overdose.
Precautions
Use Cyclizine Hydrochloride with caution in patients with a history of glaucoma, urinary retention, or respiratory conditions such as asthma. It may impair the ability to perform tasks requiring mental alertness, such as driving.
Interaction
Cyclizine Hydrochloride may interact with other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids, potentially enhancing sedative effects. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking.
Disease Interaction
Use with caution in patients with liver impairment, as it may affect the metabolism of the drug. It should also be used with care in patients with cardiovascular disease due to potential anticholinergic effects.
Drug Interaction
Interactions may occur with:
- Other Antihistamines: Increased risk of additive anticholinergic effects.
- CNS Depressants: Enhanced sedation and drowsiness.
- Alcohol: Increased risk of central nervous system depression.
Food Interactions
There are no specific food interactions with Cyclizine Hydrochloride . However, it is advisable to avoid alcohol and other sedatives while taking this medication.
Pregnancy Use
Cyclizine Hydrochloride is classified as Category B by the FDA, indicating that it is generally considered safe during pregnancy but should be used only if clearly needed. Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
Lactation Use
The safety of Cyclizine Hydrochloride during lactation is not well established. It is recommended to avoid use during breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary and to consult your healthcare provider for alternative options.
Acute Overdose
In case of acute overdose, symptoms may include severe drowsiness, hallucinations, seizures, and anticholinergic effects. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.
Contraindication
Cyclizine Hydrochloride is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should be avoided in patients with certain pre-existing conditions, such as narrow-angle glaucoma and severe prostatic hypertrophy.
Use Direction
Follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions. Do not exceed the recommended dose or frequency of use. Consult your healthcare provider for any changes in the treatment regimen.
Storage Conditions
Store Cyclizine Hydrochloride at room temperature, away from direct light and moisture. Keep the medication out of reach of children and do not use beyond the expiration date.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution for Cyclizine Hydrochloride is approximately 4.5 L/kg, indicating distribution into body tissues.
Half Life
The elimination half-life of Cyclizine Hydrochloride is approximately 20 hours, supporting its dosing frequency.
Clearance
The drug is primarily cleared through hepatic metabolism and renal excretion. Clearance is influenced by liver function and overall health status.
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