Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin Introduction

Cyanocobalamin (also known as Vitamin B12) is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in the production of healthy red blood cells, maintenance of nerve cells, and in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. Cyanocobalamin is a man-made form of vitamin B12 used to treat certain anemias and nervous system disorders, as well as to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency.

Uses For Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is used to treat a deficiency of Vitamin B12. It is also used to treat or prevent anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, as well as pernicious anemia, which is a form of anemia caused by the inability to absorb vitamin B12 from the intestines.

Mechanism Of Action

Cyanocobalamin works by converting carbohydrates into glucose, which is used by the body to make energy. It also helps to form healthy red blood cells and helps to maintain healthy nerve cells. The active ingredient of cyanocobalamin helps to convert the amino acid homocysteine into methionine, which is important for the production of healthy cells.

How Long Does It Take To Work?

Cyanocobalamin usually starts to work within two to four weeks after starting treatment. Effects of treatment may include improved energy levels, improved red blood cell production, and improved nerve function.

Absorption

Cyanocobalamin is readily absorbed across the gastrointestinal tract. It is then transported to target cells where it is stored until it is ready to be used in the body.

Route Of Elimination

Cyanocobalamin is eliminated in the urine, feces, sweat and saliva.

Dosage

Usual Adult Dose for Pernicious Anemia

Initial dose: 1000 mcg intramuscularly or deep subcutaneous once a day for 6 to 7 days

If clinical improvement and reticulocyte response is seen from the above dosing:

100 mcg every other day for 7 doses, then
100 mcg every 3 to 4 days for 2 to 3 weeks, then
Maintenance dose: 100 to 1000 mcg monthly

Administer concomitant folic acid if needed. Chronic treatment should be done with an oral preparation in patients with normal intestinal absorption.

Usual Adult Dose for B12 Nutritional Deficiency: 25 to 2000 mcg orally daily

Usual Adult Dose for Schilling Test: 1000 mcg intramuscularly is the flushing dose

Usual Pediatric Dose for B12 Nutritional Deficiency: 0.5 to 3 mcg daily

The amount of cyanocobalamin you should take depends on your age, weight, medical history, and other medications you may be taking. Dosage is usually determined by your doctor.

Administration

Cyanocobalamin can be taken orally or as an injection. It is generally taken once daily. You should take it at the same time each day and follow the instructions of your doctor or pharmacist for proper use.

Side Effects

Common side effects of cyanocobalamin include nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, and constipation. It may also cause allergic reactions, such as skin rash or itching. More serious side effects may include a decrease in blood cell production, liver problems, or difficulty breathing.

Toxicity

Cyanocobalamin is considered to have low toxicity. It is generally safe at the recommended doses. However, an overdose of cyanocobalamin can cause serious side effects, including life-threatening anemia or allergic reactions.

Precaution

Cyanocobalamin should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, bleeding disorders, anemia, or diabetes. Tell your doctor if you have any of these conditions before taking cyanocobalamin.

Interaction

Cyanocobalamin can interact with certain medications, including antibiotics, anticoagulants, and NSAIDs. Tell your doctor or pharmacist about other medications you are taking before taking cyanocobalamin.

Disease Interaction

If you have any disease that could affect the way cyanocobalamin is used in the body, tell your doctor or pharmacist before taking it. This includes any kidney or liver diseases, anemias, or diseases that affect the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract.

Drug Interaction

Cyanocobalamin can interact with some medications, such as antibiotics, anticoagulants, and NSAIDs. Tell your doctor or pharmacist about other medications you are taking before taking cyanocobalamin.

Food Interactions

Cyanocobalamin should be taken with food to ensure absorption. It should not be taken with anything containing high amounts of calcium, such as dairy products, antacids, or calcium supplements.

Pregnancy Use

Cyanocobalamin is generally safe during pregnancy. However, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking any medication or supplement during pregnancy.

Lactation Use

Cyanocobalamin is generally safe to take during breastfeeding. However, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking any medication or supplement while breastfeeding.

Acute Overdose

Acute overdoses of cyanocobalamin can cause severe symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and rapid heart rate. If you or someone you know has taken an overdose of cyanocobalamin, seek emergency medical help immediately.

Contraindication

Cyanocobalamin should not be taken by people who are allergic to cobalamin or other ingredients in the medication. It should also not be taken by people with Leber's disease, as cyanocobalamin can cause serious eye problems in people with this condition.

Use Directions

Take cyanocobalamin exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has prescribed. It is generally taken once daily with food. Do not take more than the recommended dose. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time.

Storage Condition

Cyanocobalamin should be stored at room temperature away from direct light and moisture. Do not store near excessively high or low temperatures. Keep out of reach of children and pets.