Cetirizine Hydrochloride

Introduction

Cetirizine hydrochloride (HCl) is an antihistamine used to treat seasonal allergy symptoms and other allergic conditions. Cetirizine HCl is available as a tablet, syrup, or an oral suspension. Cetirizine HCl is also used to reduce symptoms of hives and itching caused by certain medical conditions.

Uses for Cetirizine Hydrochloride

Cetirizine HCl is used for the relief of seasonal allergy symptoms such as hay fever, runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, and itching of the nose or throat. Cetirizine HCl is also used to treat chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children six months of age and older.

Brand Name	Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Type
Weight
Generic	Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Manufacturer
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Cetirizine HCl is an H1 receptor antagonist that prevents activation of histamine-1 receptors by blocking the binding of histamine to the receptor. By blocking the action of histamine, Cetirizine HCl reduces the redness, swelling, itching, and runny nose associated with allergy symptoms.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Cetirizine HCl begins to work within 30 minutes after administration. Usually the maximum benefit seen is within 1-2 hours.

Absorption

Cetirizine HCl is readily and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.

Route of Elimination

Cetirizine HCl is eliminated mainly through the kidneys primarily as unchanged drug and urinary metabolites.

Dosage

Cetirizine oral dosage form:

• Adults and Children 6 years and older: 1 tablet or 2 teaspoonfuls daily (or 1 teaspoonful twice daily).
• Children 2-6 years: 1 teaspoonful once daily or 1/2 teaspoonful twice daily.
• Children 6 months to 2 years : 1/2 teaspoonful once daily. The dose in children 12-23 months of age can be increased to a maximum dose as 1/2 teaspoonful every 12 hours.

Cetirizine injectable dosage form: Cetirizine is a single use injectable product for intravenous administration only. The recommended dosage regimen is once every 24 hours as needed for treatment of acute urticaria. Administer Cetirizine as an intravenous push over a period of 1 to 2 minutes. Cetirizine is not recommended in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age with impaired renal or hepatic function.

• Adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older: The recommended dosage is 10 mg administered by intravenous injection.
• Children 6 to 11 years of age: The recommended dosage is 5 mg or 10 mg depending on symptom severity administered by intravenous injection.
• Children 6 months to 5 years of age: The recommended dosage is 2.5 mg administered by intravenous injection.

The usual dosage of Cetirizine HCl for adults and children 12 years of age or older is 10 mg once daily. For children 6 to 12 years old, the usual recommended dosage is 5 mg once daily. The dose should not exceed 10 mg in a 24-hour period. Cetirizine HCl should be taken with a full glass of water and may be taken with or without food.

Administration

Cetirizine HCl is administered orally as a tablet, syrup, or suspension. For children younger than 6 years of age, it is preferred to give the medication in liquid form.

Side Effect

Possible side effects of Cetirizine HCl include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Toxicity

The toxicity of Cetirizine HCl is low. A single oral dose of up to 500 mg did not result in clinical symptoms or signs of toxicity in healthy subjects.

Precaution

Patients should be advised to avoid driving or operating machinery until they know how this medication affects them.

Interaction

Drug interaction with other medications can increase the risk of side effects. Patients should always tell their healthcare provider about any other medications they are taking.

Disease Interaction

Patients with kidney disease should be monitored closely when taking Cetirizine HCl as it can be eliminated more slowly. Patients with liver diseases may experience more severe side effects.

Drug Interaction

Cetirizine HCl may interact with other medications such as antifungal drugs, antidepressants, diuretics, opioid painkillers, antibiotics, or antihistamines.

Food Interactions

Cetirizine HCl should not be taken with food as it may decrease the effectiveness of this medication.

Pregnancy Use

Cetirizine HCl should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Lactation Use

Cetirizine HCl is not recommended during breastfeeding since it can be excreted in breast milk.

Acute Overdose

Patients experiencing an overdosage should seek immediate medical attention. Common signs of an overdose include confusion, drowsiness, agitation, slowed heart rate, rapid blood pressure changes, dizziness, flushing, drooling, shortness of breath, and coma.

Contraindication

Cetirizine HCl should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to this medication or other ingredients in the preparation.

Use Direction

Cetirizine HCl should be taken as directed by a healthcare provider, usually once daily. The medication must be taken regularly to achieve the maximum benefit. Patients should not stop taking Cetirizine HCl without first consulting their healthcare provider.

Storage Condition

Cetirizine HCl should be stored at room temperature, out of direct light, and in a tightly closed container.

Volume of Distribution

Cetirizine HCl has a large volume of distribution with an average of 2.1 L/kg.

Half Life

The elimination half-life of Cetirizine HCl is 10-11 hours.

Clearance

Cetirizine HCl is mainly excreted by the kidneys and has an average clearance of 10 L/hr/1.73m2.

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Some Frequently Asked Questions About Cetirizine Hydrochloride

1. What is Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a second-generation antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, and hives. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms.

2. How does Cetirizine Hydrochloride work?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride works by blocking histamine receptors in the body, which reduces symptoms like sneezing, itching, and swelling that occur due to allergic reactions.

3. What conditions is Cetirizine Hydrochloride used to treat?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is used to treat symptoms of seasonal allergies (hay fever), perennial allergies, allergic rhinitis, and chronic urticaria (hives). It can also be used for itching and swelling caused by allergic reactions.

4. How should I take Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is typically taken orally once daily, with or without food. The tablet should be swallowed whole, and the liquid form should be measured carefully using a dose-measuring device.

5. What is the recommended dosage for Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

The usual adult dose is 10 mg once a day. For children aged 6 to 12 years, the typical dose is 5-10 mg per day. The dosage may vary based on the individual and their response to the medication.

6. Can I take Cetirizine Hydrochloride with food?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride can be taken with or without food. Food does not significantly affect its effectiveness.

7. What should I do if I miss a dose of Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time.

8. How long does it take for Cetirizine Hydrochloride to start working?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride typically starts working within 1 hour of taking the medication, with peak effects occurring in about 3 to 4 hours.

9. What are the common side effects of Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

Common side effects may include:

• Dry mouth
• Drowsiness or fatigue
• Headache
• Stomach pain or discomfort
• Dizziness

10. What are the serious side effects of Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

Serious side effects include:

• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Severe dizziness or fainting

11. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause drowsiness?

Although Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine, it can cause drowsiness in some individuals. This effect is less common than with first-generation antihistamines.

12. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be taken with alcohol?

It is advised to avoid alcohol while taking Cetirizine Hydrochloride , as alcohol can increase drowsiness and impair your ability to concentrate and perform tasks.

13. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used in children?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is commonly used for children aged 2 years and older, depending on the specific product. The dosage will be lower for younger children, and you should consult a doctor for the proper dosage.

14. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used during pregnancy?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Always consult with your healthcare provider before using this medication if you are pregnant.

15. Can I take Cetirizine Hydrochloride while breastfeeding?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is excreted in breast milk, but it is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding. However, consult your doctor for personalized advice.

16. How should Cetirizine Hydrochloride be stored?

Store Cetirizine Hydrochloride at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep it in a tightly sealed container and out of reach of children.

17. What happens if I overdose on Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

Overdose symptoms may include drowsiness, dry mouth, and an increased heart rate. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

18. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause weight gain?

Weight gain is not a common side effect of Cetirizine Hydrochloride . However, if you experience unusual weight changes, consult your doctor.

19. Can I take Cetirizine Hydrochloride if I have liver or kidney problems?

If you have liver or kidney problems, your doctor may adjust your dosage or monitor you more closely while using Cetirizine Hydrochloride . Inform your healthcare provider about any pre-existing conditions.

20. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used for a stuffy nose?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride can help with symptoms of nasal congestion associated with allergies but is not specifically designed to treat a stuffy nose. A nasal decongestant may be more effective for this purpose.

21. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be taken long-term?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride can be taken long-term for chronic conditions like allergic rhinitis or chronic urticaria, but it’s important to regularly consult your doctor to monitor its effectiveness and side effects.

22. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause dry mouth?

Yes, dry mouth is a common side effect of Cetirizine Hydrochloride . Drinking water or using sugar-free gum may help alleviate this symptom.

23. Does Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause dizziness?

Some individuals may experience dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly. If this occurs, rise slowly to avoid feeling faint.

24. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause a rash?

Although rare, Cetirizine Hydrochloride can cause a rash or other signs of an allergic reaction. If you experience a rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.

25. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride interact with other medications?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride may interact with certain medications, especially other sedatives, alcohol, or other antihistamines. Always inform your doctor about any medications you are taking.

26. Is Cetirizine Hydrochloride safe for elderly patients?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is generally safe for elderly patients, but they may be more sensitive to its side effects, such as drowsiness. Dosage adjustments may be necessary.

27. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be taken with a decongestant?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride can often be safely combined with a decongestant, but it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions to avoid possible interactions.

28. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause headaches?

Headaches can occur as a side effect of Cetirizine Hydrochloride . If they become frequent or severe, inform your healthcare provider.

29. Is Cetirizine Hydrochloride addictive?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is not addictive and is generally safe when taken as directed. There is no risk of dependence with this medication.

30. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause nausea?

While nausea is not a common side effect, some people may experience mild stomach discomfort. Taking the medication with food may help alleviate this symptom.

31. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause trouble sleeping?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is less likely to cause sleep disturbances compared to first-generation antihistamines, but in some individuals, it may cause drowsiness that could affect their sleep cycle.

32. How quickly does Cetirizine Hydrochloride relieve allergy symptoms?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride starts working within an hour and reaches its peak effect in about 3 to 4 hours. It helps relieve symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and runny nose.

33. Does Cetirizine Hydrochloride affect driving ability?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride may cause drowsiness in some individuals, which could impair driving or operating machinery. If you feel drowsy, avoid driving until you know how the medication affects you.

34. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause blurred vision?

Although blurred vision is rare, some people may experience it as a side effect. If this happens, consult your doctor.

35. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used for pet allergies?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride can be effective for treating allergy symptoms related to pets, such as sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose.

36. Is Cetirizine Hydrochloride effective for hay fever?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride is commonly used to relieve symptoms of hay fever, including sneezing, itching, and a runny nose caused by pollen allergies.

37. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used for insect stings or bites?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride may help reduce the itching and swelling associated with insect stings or bites, though it is not a specific treatment for these conditions.

38. How long can I safely take Cetirizine Hydrochloride ?

It is generally safe to use Cetirizine Hydrochloride long-term for chronic conditions. However, it’s essential to consult with your doctor regularly to ensure the medication remains effective and monitor for potential side effects.

39. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause diarrhea?

Diarrhea is a rare side effect of Cetirizine Hydrochloride . If you experience persistent or severe diarrhea, consult your doctor.

40. Is Cetirizine Hydrochloride safe for people with asthma?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is generally safe for people with asthma. It may help alleviate allergy symptoms that could worsen asthma. However, consult your doctor before use.

41. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used to treat eczema?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride may help relieve itching and discomfort caused by eczema, though it is not a primary treatment for the condition.

42. Does Cetirizine Hydrochloride increase the risk of infection?

There is no significant evidence suggesting that Cetirizine Hydrochloride increases the risk of infection. It does not suppress the immune system like some other medications.

43. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used for seasonal allergies in children?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride is often prescribed to children aged 2 years and older to treat seasonal allergies. The dosage for children is typically lower than for adults.

44. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause an allergic reaction?

Although rare, some individuals may develop an allergic reaction to Cetirizine Hydrochloride , with symptoms such as swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing. Seek medical help immediately if this occurs.

45. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be taken with other allergy medications?

While Cetirizine Hydrochloride can be taken with some other allergy medications, such as nasal sprays or decongestants, consult your doctor for specific recommendations to avoid drug interactions.

46. Does Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause a feeling of being "foggy" or "out of it"?

In some individuals, Cetirizine Hydrochloride may cause mild drowsiness or a "foggy" feeling. If you experience this, avoid activities that require mental alertness.

47. How is Cetirizine Hydrochloride different from other antihistamines?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a second-generation antihistamine, which means it has a lower chance of causing sedation or drowsiness compared to first-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine.

48. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used to treat pet allergies?

Yes, Cetirizine Hydrochloride is effective in treating symptoms associated with pet allergies, such as sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion.

49. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride be used to treat hay fever in the summer?

Cetirizine Hydrochloride is commonly used to treat seasonal allergies, including hay fever during pollen seasons such as spring and summer.

50. Can Cetirizine Hydrochloride cause palpitations?

Palpitations are a rare side effect of Cetirizine Hydrochloride . If you experience an irregular or fast heartbeat, contact your healthcare provider immediately.