Cetaxim IM/IV Injection

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml Introduction

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is a cephalosporin-type antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections. It belongs to the third-generation cephalosporin class of antibiotics and should only be used after other antibiotics have been considered.

Uses For

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and urinary tract infections. It is effective against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and is particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Brand Name	Cetaxim
Type	IM/IV Injection
Weight	1 gm/10 ml
Generic	Cefotaxime
Manufacturer	Globe Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml works by interrupting cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The antibiotic prevents bacteria from forming the cross-links between peptidoglycan chains that are necessary for the stability and integrity of bacterial cell walls. This results in a weakened cell wall, which causes cell lysis and death.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml typically begins to work within 2-3 hours of administration. However, the time it takes for the antibiotic to fully eliminate the infection can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's response to the medication.

Absorption

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is well absorbed when taken orally and is also well absorbed following intramuscular administration. As a cephalosporin antibiotic, it is designed to be administered parenterally.

Route of Elimination

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is mainly eliminated through the kidneys, and some is eliminated through the bile as well. Approximately 40% of a dose of the drug is eliminated through the kidneys, while the remaining is eliminated through biliary excretion.

Dosage

Adults: The recommended dosage for mild to moderate infections is 1 gm every 12 hourly. However, dosage may be varied according to the severity of infection, sensitivity of causative organisms and condition of the patient. In severe infections dosage may be increased up to 12 gm daily given in 3 or 4 divided doses. For infections caused by sensitive Pseudomonas spp. daily doses of greater than 6 gm will usually be required

Children: The usual dosage range is 100-150 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. However, in very severe infections doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day may be required.

Neonates: The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses. In severe infections 150-200 mg/kg/day, in divided doses, have been given.

Dosage in gonorrhoea: 500 mg as a single dose.

The dosage and administration of cefotaxime vary depending on the severity and type of infection being treated. Generally, the drug is administered as an intravenous infusion over 30-60 minutes. The typical recommended dose for adults is 500-1000mg every 8-12 hours for mild to moderate infections, and 2g every 8 hours for severe infections. For children, the dosage is 30-50mg/kg per day in divided doses every 6-8 hours.

Administration

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is usually administered intravenously as an infusion over a period of 30-60 minutes or as an intramuscular injection. Intramuscular injections should be administered slowly and deeply into the gluteal muscle.

Side Effects

Common side effects of cefotaxime include mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and benign skin reactions. Less common but more serious side effects include allergic reactions, fever, chills, sore throat, abdominal pain, and joint pain. Rarely, cefotaxime can cause seizures, coma, confusion, and kidney problems.

Toxicity

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is generally well tolerated in most people, but it is not recommended for use in individuals with a penicillin allergic reaction. Overdosing also can lead to severe side effects, including convulsions, watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, and confusion.

Precautions

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml should be used with caution in people with kidney or liver impairments. People with a history of allergies to other antibiotics and those with heart or blood diseases should discuss with their doctor before taking the drug. In addition, cefotaxime should not be taken if there is an active infection with a virus, fungus, or parasite.

Interactions

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml has been known to interact with a number of other drugs, including other antibiotics, anticoagulants, and anticonvulsants. Patients should be instructed to let their healthcare provider know of any drug or herbal supplements they are taking before starting cefotaxime treatment.

Disease Interactions

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml can interact with some diseases and conditions, such as kidney/liver diseases, active infection with a virus, fungus, or parasite, or a history of allergy to penicillins. Patients with any of these diseases or conditions should talk to their doctor before taking cefotaxime.

Drug Interactions

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml can interact with some drugs that may effect the way they work, or can make the side effects worse. These include anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, birth control pills, and diuretics. Patients should tell their doctor about all medications they are taking before starting cefotaxime to prevent possible interactions.

Food Interactions

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml may interact with food. Foods that contain calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and zinc can decrease the absorption of cefotaxime. Patients should ask their doctor or pharmacist about their food interactions before taking cefotaxime.

Pregnancy Use

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is generally not recommended for use in pregnant women. Studies in animals have demonstrated fetal harm, and it is unknown if it can cause similar effects in humans. Pregnant women should consult their doctor before taking cefotaxime.

Lactation Use

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is excreted in human milk and may lead to milk-borne infections in infants. Therefore, women who are breastfeeding should discuss with their doctor before taking cefotaxime.

Acute Overdose

An acute overdose of cefotaxime can lead to severe side effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and coma. Immediate medical attention should be sought if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindication

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics, such as cefotaxime, or any of its ingredients. Patients with a history of allergy to penicillins should also avoid taking cefotaxime.

Use Direction

The recommended dosage and duration of treatment with cefotaxime can vary depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Always follow your doctor's instructions and the directions on the prescription label. Do not take more or less than the recommended dose or duration of treatment.

Storage Conditions

Cetaxim IM/IV Injection 1 gm/10 ml should be stored at room temperature away from direct light and moisture. Keep the medication in the original container and tightly closed when not in use. Do not freeze the medication or leave it out of reach of children and pets.

Volume of Distribution

The estimated volume of distribution (Vd) of cefotaxime is 0.4L/kg. This volume of distribution is a measure of the amount of drug that is present in the body and indicates how well it is distributed in the body.

Half Life

The half-life of cefotaxime is between 0.68-1.8 hours in adults, and 1.5-4.2 hours in newborns. This is the time it takes for the body to reduce the concentration of a drug by half.

Clearance

The clearance rate of cefotaxime is 0.24L/h/kg. This is a measure of how quickly the body eliminates the drug. The higher the clearance rate, the faster the drug is eliminated from the body.

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