Cervarix IM Injection

Introduction

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Bivalent Vaccine is a vaccine designed to protect against certain types of HPV, particularly HPV types 16 and 18. These types are associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.

Uses

The HPV Bivalent Vaccine is used for:

Prevention of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions caused by HPV types 16 and 18.
Reduction of the risk of developing other HPV-related cancers, such as anal and vulvar cancer.
Prevention of HPV infection in both males and females.

Brand Name	Cervarix
Type	IM Injection
Weight	0.5 ml
Generic	Human Papillomavirus Bivalent
Manufacturer	GlaxoSmithKline
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

The HPV Bivalent Vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against HPV types 16 and 18. This immune response helps protect against future infections by these types, which are known to cause cervical cancer and other related conditions.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

The vaccine begins to elicit an immune response shortly after administration, but full protection typically develops over several weeks. The body requires time to generate a sufficient immune response, and protection is expected to be robust following the complete vaccination series.

Absorption

Upon administration, the HPV Bivalent Vaccine is absorbed into the body through the injection site. The vaccine's components are processed by the immune system to induce the desired immune response.

Route of Elimination

The components of the vaccine are not eliminated through traditional metabolic pathways as they are primarily intended to stimulate immune responses. The immune system handles the vaccine's antigens, and any residual components are processed and eliminated by the body over time.

Dosage

It is recommended to receive 3 doses of 0.5-ml each, by intramuscular injection according to the following schedule: 0, 1, and 6 months. If flexibility in the vaccination schedule is necessary, the second dose can be administered between 1 month and 2 months after the first dose and third dose between 5 and 8 months after the first dose. On the basis of the clinical trial results and refer to the recommendations in Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: WHO Position Paper (2017), female aged 9-14 years can also choose a vaccination schedule of two doses at 0 month and 6 month (0.5-ml per dose, with an interval of not less than 5 months). At present, it has not been determined whether the booster vaccination is required.

Immunization consists of 3 doses of 0.5-ml each, by intramuscular injection according to the following schedule: 0, 1, and 6 months. The preferred site of administration is the deltoid region of the upper arm.
There has been no data on subcutaneous injection. Intravascular or intradermal injection is prohibited
The content of the prefilled syringe should be inspected visually both before and after shaking for any foreign particulate matter and/or abnormal physical appearance prior to administration. In the event of either being observed, discard the vaccine.
The vaccine should be shaken well before use, and it should be a white homogeneous suspension after shaking.
It should be vaccinated as soon as possible after removal from the refrigeration container.
The full-recommended dose of the vaccine should be used.
Any prefilled syringe with crack, label unclear or invalid and vaccine with abnormal appearance should not be used.

The typical dosing schedule for the HPV Bivalent Vaccine is:

Primary series: Three doses administered intramuscularly.
First dose: Administered at a scheduled time.
Second dose: Administered 1 to 2 months after the first dose.
Third dose: Administered 6 months after the first dose.

Administration

The vaccine is administered intramuscularly, usually in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. It is important to follow the recommended schedule for administration to ensure optimal efficacy.

Side Effects

Common side effects of the HPV Bivalent Vaccine include:

Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
Fever.
Fatigue.
Headache.
Nausea.

Less common side effects may include:

Fainting (more common in adolescents).
Allergic reactions.

Toxicity

There is no known acute toxicity associated with the HPV Bivalent Vaccine. Severe adverse reactions are rare, but any significant or unusual symptoms should be reported to a healthcare provider.

Precautions

Precautions include:

Assess for allergies to vaccine components before administration.
Monitor for signs of allergic reactions post-vaccination.
Consult with a healthcare provider if there are any pre-existing medical conditions or concerns.

Interaction

There are generally no significant interactions between the HPV Bivalent Vaccine and other vaccines or medications. It is important to inform healthcare providers of any other vaccines or treatments being received.

Disease Interaction

There are no specific disease interactions, but caution should be exercised in individuals with compromised immune systems or those undergoing treatments that may affect immune function.

Drug Interaction

Drug interactions are not expected with the HPV Bivalent Vaccine. However, informing the healthcare provider of any medications being taken is advised to rule out any potential interactions.

Food Interactions

There are no known food interactions with the HPV Bivalent Vaccine. It can be administered regardless of food intake.

Pregnancy Use

The HPV Bivalent Vaccine is not recommended during pregnancy. It is generally advised to postpone vaccination until after delivery unless the benefits outweigh the risks as determined by a healthcare provider.

Lactation Use

The HPV Bivalent Vaccine is considered safe during lactation. No adverse effects have been observed in breastfeeding mothers or their infants.

Acute Overdose

There is no known risk of overdose with the HPV Bivalent Vaccine as it is administered in specific doses. Any concerns should be directed to a healthcare provider for guidance.

Contraindication

The HPV Bivalent Vaccine is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine. It should also be avoided if there is a history of severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine.

Use Direction

Follow the vaccination schedule as prescribed by the healthcare provider. Ensure that all three doses are administered to achieve full protection. Inform the provider of any health changes or reactions post-vaccination.

Storage Conditions

The HPV Bivalent Vaccine should be stored in a refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Do not freeze. The vaccine should be protected from light and stored in its original packaging until use.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution is not typically measured for vaccines like the HPV Bivalent Vaccine, as it is designed to stimulate an immune response rather than distribute widely throughout the body.

Half Life

The concept of half-life is not directly applicable to vaccines. The duration of immunity provided by the HPV Bivalent Vaccine is maintained over time by the immune system's memory response, which can persist for several years.

Clearance

Clearance is not typically a relevant parameter for vaccines. The HPV Bivalent Vaccine's components are processed and eliminated by the body through immune responses rather than standard metabolic pathways.

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