Cebex Capsule

Introduction

Cebex Capsule 400 mg is an orally administered third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria. Cebex Capsule 400 mg is a semisynthetic cephalosporin and is chemically designated as (6R,7R)-7-[2-([(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)thio]methyl)[1,3]-thiazol-4-yl]-3-[(2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-methylbutyl)thio]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate.

Uses For

Cebex Capsule 400 mg is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients six months and older with the following infections caused by susceptible isolates of the designated microorganisms:

• Un Complicated Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis
• Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
• Un Complicated gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mechanism of Action

Cebex Capsule 400 mg as with other cephalosporins, cefixime exerts antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefixime binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which are located inside bacterial cell walls. This ultimately results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall, leading to bacterial cell death.

How Long Does It Take To Work

The time for cefixime to take effect can depend on the infection being treated and the individual being treated. Cefixime typically begins to work within 24 to 48 hours of beginning treatment. Your symptoms should begin to improve shortly after starting cefixime, however you should continue taking the drug until you finish your prescribed course.

Absorption

Following oral administration, cefixime is rapidly and extensively absorbed, with peak concentrations occurring 2 to 4 hours after administration. Bioavailability in normal adults is approximately 50%. Cefixime is rapidly distributed throughout the body; approximately 40% is bound to plasma proteins.

Route of Elimination

Cefixime is excreted primarily by the renal route with only 20–30% of the unchanged drug appearing in the urine. The remainder of the drug is excreted as inactive metabolites and in the feces.

Dosage

The recommended adult oral dose of cefixime is 400mg as a single dose. For urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and otitis media the recommended dosage is 8mg/kg in two divided doses daily. The recommended pediatric oral dose of cefixime is 8mg/kg given as a single dose. For chronic bronchitis the recommended dosage is 400mg twice daily for 5 to 10days.

Administration

Cefixime is available as a tablet, dispersible tablet, suspension, and chewable tablet. It should be taken with food to reduce the magnitude of gastrointestinal upset. Depending on which form you have, cefixime may be taken with a full glass of water or taken with food.

Side Effect

Common side effects of cefixime include nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, headache, or dizziness. These symptoms should improve as your body adjusts to the medication, although if they are severe they may require medical attention.

Toxicity

The toxic dose of cefixime is not well established in humans, however in animal studies high doses of cefixime were found to be tolerated without any significant signs of toxicity. Serious adverse effects from large doses of cefixime are unlikely.

Precaution

Patients taking cefixime should avoid taking large amounts of dairy products (including milk, yogurt, and cheese) as there is a potential for significant drug-food interaction. Additionally, patients taking cefixime should speak to their healthcare provider prior to using other medications (including antibiotics, antacids, sucralfate, iron, and calcium supplements), as there may be an increased risk for adverse reactions.

Interaction

Cefixime may interact with probenecid, certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, other drugs that weaken the immune system, and drugs used to treat gout. Additionally, cefixime can interact with other drugs in your system, such as certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, and other drugs that weaken the immune system. Therefore, it is important to tell your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking prior to starting cefixime.

Disease Interaction

Patients with kidney impairment, or those with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins or cephalosporins, should not take cefixime. Patients with a previous history of seizures may require special precautions, as cefixime has been associated with seizures in some cases. Women who are pregnant or nursing should speak to their healthcare provider before taking cefixime.

Drug Interaction

Cefixime may interact with probenecid, certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, other drugs that weaken the immune system, and drugs used to treat gout. Additionally, cefixime can interact with other drugs in your system, such as certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, and other drugs that weaken the immune system. Therefore, it is important to tell your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking prior to starting cefixime.

Food Interactions

Patients taking cefixime should avoid taking large amounts of dairy products (including milk, yogurt, and cheese) as there is a potential for significant drug-food interaction.

Pregnancy Use

Cefixime is classified as a pregnancy Category B drug, which means that it is not expected to cause harm to a fetus unless the mother is taking a large dose close to the time of delivery. However, women who are pregnant or nursing should speak to their healthcare provider before taking cefixime.

Lactation Use

It is not known whether cefixime is secreted in breast milk. Therefore, women who are breastfeeding should speak to their healthcare provider before taking cefixime.

Acute Overdose

If an overdose of cefixime is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and drowsiness.

Contraindication

Cefixime is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cefixime or other cephalosporins. Additionally, cefixime is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious allergy or reaction to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics.

Use Direction

The dose of cefixime will be different for different patients. Follow the instructions given by your doctor. Cefixime is typically taken twice a day, 12 hours apart. Take your doses at least two hours before or after taking antacids, other antibiotics, iron, calcium, or zinc.Take the drug with a full glass of water or with food to reduce your risk of GI upset. Take the entire course of cefixime, even if your symptoms improve.

Storage Condition

Cebex Capsule 400 mg should be stored at room temperature in a tight, light-resistant container. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use. Store away from moisture, heat, and direct light.

Volume Of Distribution

Cefixime has an average volume of distribution of 0.47 L/kg. The volume of distribution is a measure of the amount of drug in the body. It is calculated by dividing the total amount of drug in the body by the amount of drug in the plasma.

Half Life

The average half-life of cefixime is 1 to 2 hours in adults and 2 to 4 hours in children. Half-life is the time it takes for the concentration or amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half. This will vary by patient and may differ slightly depending on age, gender, and other factors.

Clearance

The average clearance of cefixime is 0.46 L/h/kg. Clearance is the rate at which drug is cleared from the blood and is calculated by dividing the rate of drug elimination by the concentration of drug in the plasma.

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Some Frequently Asked Questions About Cebex Capsule 400 mg

1. What is Cebex Capsule 400 mg?

Cebex Capsule 400 mg is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.

2. What conditions does Cefixime treat?

It is used to treat:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Respiratory tract infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia)
• Ear infections (otitis media)
• Throat infections (e.g., tonsillitis, pharyngitis)
• Gonorrhea

3. How does Cefixime work?

It disrupts the formation of bacterial cell walls, causing bacteria to rupture and die.

4. Is Cebex Capsule 400 mg the same as Cefadroxil?

No, Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin with a broader spectrum, while Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin.

5. Is Cefixime safe for everyone?

No, it’s unsafe for those allergic to cephalosporins or penicillins, or with severe kidney issues unless dose-adjusted.

6. How long does it take for Cefixime to work?

Symptoms may improve within 1-3 days, but the full course (typically 5-14 days) must be completed.

7. How long should I take Cefixime?

Take it for the full prescribed duration (e.g., 5-10 days) to ensure the infection is fully treated and prevent resistance.

8. Can children take Cefixime?

Yes, it’s safe for children over 6 months in appropriate doses, often as a suspension, per a doctor’s prescription.

9. What is the typical dosage for adults?

For adults, it’s usually 400 mg daily, taken as a single dose or split into two 200 mg doses.

10. Can I take Cefixime every day?

Yes, it’s taken daily for the prescribed course, typically 5-14 days, depending on the infection.

11. Does food affect Cefixime?

It can be taken with or without food; food may delay absorption slightly but doesn’t reduce effectiveness.

12. Can I drink alcohol with Cefixime?

Alcohol doesn’t directly interact with Cefixime, but it may delay healing or worsen side effects like nausea.

13. What are common side effects of Cefixime?

Common side effects include:

• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Stomach pain
• Headache

14. Are there serious side effects?

Yes, rare but serious side effects include:

• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis)
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
• Seizures (very rare)

15. What is an allergic reaction to Cefixime?

Signs include rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, or hives—an emergency requiring immediate care.

16. Can Cefixime cause yeast infections?

Yes, it may disrupt normal flora, potentially leading to yeast infections like thrush or vaginal candidiasis.

17. Is Cefixime addictive?

No, it’s an antibiotic and not addictive.

18. Can I buy Cefixime without a prescription?

No, it requires a prescription in most countries to ensure proper use and prevent resistance.

19. Is generic Cefixime as effective as the brand?

Yes, generic Cefixime is equally effective as brand-name versions (e.g., Suprax) when from reputable manufacturers.

20. How should I store Cefixime?

Store tablets at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F); liquid suspension may require refrigeration—check the label.

21. Can I split Cefixime tablets?

Only if scored and approved by a doctor or pharmacist; avoid splitting if film-coated unless advised.

22. What happens if I overdose on Cefixime?

Overdose may cause nausea, vomiting, or seizures. Seek emergency medical help.

23. Can I take Cefixime with other antibiotics?

Not typically needed; combining antibiotics should only occur under a doctor’s guidance.

24. Does Cefixime treat viral infections?

No, it only works against bacterial infections, not viruses like colds or flu.

25. Who should not take Cefixime?

Avoid if you have:

• Allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins
• Severe kidney disease (unless dose-adjusted)

26. Can Cefixime treat sinus infections?

Yes, if caused by susceptible bacteria, though it’s not always the first choice.

27. Is Cefixime safe for older adults?

Yes, but kidney function should be monitored, and doses may need adjustment.

28. Can I take Cefixime with pain relievers?

Yes, it’s generally safe with drugs like ibuprofen or acetaminophen unless otherwise advised.

29. Does Cefixime affect birth control?

It may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal birth control (e.g., pills); use backup contraception.

30. Can I take Cefixime if I have diabetes?

Yes, it’s safe for diabetics, but watch for side effects like diarrhea that could affect blood sugar.

31. How does Cefixime compare to Amoxicillin?

Cefixime has a broader spectrum as a third-generation cephalosporin, while Amoxicillin (a penicillin) is narrower but often used for similar infections.

32. Can Cefixime cause kidney problems?

Rarely, but it’s excreted by the kidneys, so dose adjustments are needed for those with kidney issues.

33. How was Cefixime developed?

It was developed in the 1980s as an oral third-generation cephalosporin to treat resistant bacterial infections.

34. Is Cefixime FDA-approved?

Yes, it was approved by the FDA in 1989 under the brand name Suprax for bacterial infections.

35. What’s the difference between Cefixime and Cebex Capsule 400 mg?

Cebex Capsule 400 mg is the hydrated form used in most formulations; they’re essentially the same active drug.

36. Can Cefixime be used for dental infections?

Yes, if the infection is bacterial and susceptible, though other antibiotics may be preferred.

37. Does Cefixime expire?

Yes, check the expiration date; expired antibiotics may lose potency or safety.

38. Can I take Cefixime with antacids?

Antacids may slightly reduce absorption; take them 1-2 hours apart if possible.

39. Does Cefixime affect sleep?

Not directly, though side effects like stomach upset might disrupt sleep.

40. Can Cefixime be taken long-term?

It’s typically a short-term treatment (5-14 days); long-term use is rare and requires oversight.

41. What’s the maximum dose of Cefixime?

For adults, the maximum is usually 400 mg per day; higher doses are not recommended.

42. Can Cefixime cause allergic reactions?

Yes, though rare, it may cause rash, itching, or severe reactions like anaphylaxis.

43. Is Cefixime safe during pregnancy?

It’s Category B (generally safe), but use only if prescribed by a doctor.

44. Can I drive after taking Cefixime?

Yes, unless you experience rare side effects like dizziness or confusion.

45. Does Cefixime interact with grapefruit?

No significant interaction is known with grapefruit.

46. Can teenagers take Cefixime?

Yes, in appropriate doses based on weight and condition, as prescribed.

47. What’s the cost of Cefixime?

Generic Cefixime costs ~$1-$5 per dose, depending on region and form (tablet or suspension).

48. Can Cefixime be crushed?

Tablets can be crushed if needed, but check with a pharmacist; a suspension is available for easier use.

49. Does Cefixime work against MRSA?

No, it’s generally ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).