Introduction
The Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe is a vaccine used to prevent hepatitis A virus infection. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver and can cause symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and fever. The vaccine contains an inactivated form of the virus, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies without causing disease.
Uses
The Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe is used for:
- Preventing hepatitis A infection in individuals who are at risk.
- Providing immunity to travelers visiting regions where hepatitis A is common.
- Protecting individuals who are in close contact with someone infected with hepatitis A.
- Vaccinating children and adults as part of routine immunization programs.
| Brand Name | Avaxim |
|---|---|
| Type | SC Injection |
| Weight | 80 unit/prefilled syringe |
| Generic | Inactivated Hepatitis A vaccine |
| Manufacturer | Sanofi Bangladesh Ltd. |
| Available in | English বাংলা |
Mechanism of Action
The vaccine works by introducing an inactivated (killed) form of the hepatitis A virus into the body. This exposure prompts the immune system to recognize the virus as a threat and develop antibodies against it. If the vaccinated person is later exposed to the live virus, their immune system will be able to respond more effectively and prevent infection.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
Immunity typically develops within 2-4 weeks after vaccination. Full protection is usually achieved after the second dose of the vaccine, if a two-dose series is administered. The vaccine provides long-term protection, often lasting 10 years or more, although booster doses may be recommended based on individual risk factors and public health guidelines.
Absorption
The vaccine is administered intramuscularly, usually in the upper arm. It is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, where it is processed by the immune system to develop an immune response.
Route of Elimination
The inactivated hepatitis A vaccine components are metabolized and cleared by the body through normal physiological processes. The viral proteins and adjuvants used in the vaccine are broken down and eliminated through standard metabolic pathways.
Dosage
Hepatitis A vaccine should be given intramuscularly only. Do not inject it intravenously. The primary immunization consists of two doses, the first dose is at the selected date and the second dose will be at 6 months later.Children 12 months to 15 years: The recommended dose is 0.5 ml
- First dose: At the elected date
- Second dose: 6 months after the first dose
- First dose: At the elected date
- Second dose: 6 months after the first dose
The standard dosing schedule for the Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe involves two doses:
- First dose: Administered at least 6-12 months before potential exposure or travel.
- Second dose: Given 6-12 months after the first dose to ensure long-term immunity.
For travelers or individuals at high risk, the vaccine may be given as a single dose, with the second dose administered later as needed for extended protection.
Administration
The vaccine is administered intramuscularly, typically in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. It should be given by a healthcare provider according to established vaccination protocols.
Side Effects
Common side effects include:
- Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
- Low-grade fever.
- Fatigue or mild headache.
Severe side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions. If severe symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Toxicity
The Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe is generally considered safe and has a low risk of toxicity. The vaccine is not associated with any serious long-term adverse effects. In cases of severe allergic reactions or other serious side effects, medical treatment should be administered promptly.
Precautions
Precautions include:
- Informing the healthcare provider of any history of severe allergic reactions to vaccines or vaccine components.
- Consulting with a healthcare provider if there is a history of moderate to severe illness or immune system disorders.
- Assessing the need for the vaccine based on individual risk factors and travel plans.
Interaction
The Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe may interact with other vaccines or medications. It is important to inform healthcare providers about all other vaccinations and medications being used to ensure that the vaccine's effectiveness is not compromised.
Disease Interaction
Individuals with acute illness or fever should generally wait until they recover before receiving the vaccine. Those with chronic or severe illness should consult with their healthcare provider before vaccination.
Drug Interaction
There are no known significant drug interactions with the Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe. However, it's advisable to inform the healthcare provider of all medications being taken to avoid potential interactions.
Food Interactions
There are no known food interactions with the Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe. It can be administered regardless of food intake.
Pregnancy Use
The vaccine is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. Pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider to determine if vaccination is appropriate based on individual circumstances and potential exposure risk.
Lactation Use
The Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe is considered safe for use during lactation. The vaccine's components are not known to be harmful to breastfeeding infants. However, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended for personalized advice.
Acute Overdose
There is no known risk of overdose with the Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe as it is administered in controlled doses. If a significant overdose is suspected, monitoring and supportive care should be provided, and a healthcare provider should be consulted.
Contraindication
Contraindications include:
- Severe allergic reactions to any component of the vaccine.
- Severe immunocompromised conditions that might affect vaccine efficacy.
Use Direction
The Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe should be administered according to the prescribed schedule. It is important to follow the dosing recommendations and seek medical advice if there are any concerns or questions regarding the vaccine.
Storage Conditions
The vaccine should be stored in a refrigerator at temperatures between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F). Do not freeze the vaccine. It should be kept away from light and stored according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Volume of Distribution
The concept of volume of distribution is not typically applicable for inactivated vaccines as they do not have a significant systemic distribution like drugs. The vaccine components primarily remain at the injection site where they induce an immune response.
Half Life
The half-life of the immune response generated by the Avaxim SC Injection 80 unit/prefilled syringe is not directly applicable. The vaccine stimulates long-term immunity, with protective antibody levels often lasting 10 years or more after the full vaccination series.
Clearance
The clearance of the vaccine components is managed by the body through normal metabolic processes. The inactivated virus and other components are metabolized and eliminated by the body without significant accumulation.
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