Amikin IM/IV Injection

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that is famous for its broad-spectrum coverage against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus species, and Acinetobacter species.

Uses

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is used to treat severe infections including septicemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, gonorrhea, and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms. It may also be used to treat other bacterial infections as determined by your doctor.

Brand Name	Amikin
Type	IM/IV Injection
Weight	500 mg/2 ml
Generic	Amikacin
Manufacturer	Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml works by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, ultimately leading to cell death. Its broad spectrum of activity is attributed to its ability to affect several targets in the bacterial cell, including ribosomes, DNA-dependent RNA Polymerase, and RNA Polymerase.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

The effects of amikacin typically begin within an hour after administration and peak two to four hours later. It is typically administered as an intravenous or intramuscular injection, and its effects last for 24-48 hours.

Absorption

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is rapidly and completely absorbed after parenteral administration. It is not highly lipophilic and thus does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.

Route of Elimination

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is eliminated primarily by glomerular filtration and by active transport of drug into renal tubules. An insignificant amount is also eliminated in the feces.

Dosage

Adults and children: 15 mg/kg/day in two equally-divided doses (equivalent to 500 mg bid in adults). Use of the 100 mg is recommended for children for the accurate measurement of the appropriate dose.

Neonates and premature children: An initial loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 15 mg/kg/day in two equally divided doses.

Elderly: Amikacin is excreted by the renal route. Renal function should be assessed whenever possible and dosage adjusted as described under impaired renal function.

Life-threatening infections and/or those caused by Pseudomonas: The adult dose may be increased to 500 mg every eight hours but should neither exceed 1.5g/day nor be administered for a period longer than 10 days. A maximum total adult dose of 15g should not be exceeded.

Urinary tract infections (other than pseudomonal infections): 7.5mg/kg/day in two equally divided doses (equivalent to 250 mg b.i.d. in adults).

Impaired renal function: In patients with impaired renal function, the daily dose should be reduced and/or the intervals between doses increased to avoid accumulation of the drug.

The dosage of amikacin depends on the patient’s age, weight, renal function, and severity of the infection. Usual doses are 15–30 mg/kg/day every 12-24 hours, administered intravenously or intramuscularly, with some clinicians recommending once-daily dosing. Dosages generally should not exceed 2 g/day.

Administration

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should be administered as an intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection. When administered intravenously, amikacin should not be administered at a rate exceeding 2 mg/kg per minute to avoid the risk of nephrotoxicity.

Side Effects

Side effects of amikacin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, fever, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, reversible hearing loss, and renal toxicity. In the event of an overdose, amikacin may also cause ototoxicity and reversible neuromuscular blockade.

Toxicity

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is mainly eliminated through the kidneys; therefore, care should be taken to monitor renal function in patients with impaired renal function. Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should not be administered in patients with severe renal impairment or in patients with blood levels of amikacin greater than 20 mcg/mL, as it may lead to severe toxicity.

Precautions

Prior to receiving amikacin, patients should be carefully assessed for allergies, potential drug interactions, and renal function. It is important to periodically monitor amikacin levels in serum as well as urine to monitor for potential toxicity and ensure the drug is being adequately eliminated.

Interactions

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml may interact with other medications such as certain antibiotics, certain antacids, and loop diuretics. It is important to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking in order to avoid any adverse interactions.

Disease Interaction

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml may increase the effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs or reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. It may also interact with certain antibiotics, such as neomycin, tobramycin, and kanamycin.

Drug Interactions

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is known to interact with antibiotics, antacids, loop diuretics, and other medications. It is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs, and herbs, in order to avoid potential drug interactions.

Food Interactions

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml is not known to interact with food, however it is important to take amikacin at least one hour before or two hours after meals to ensure optimal absorption of the medication.

Pregnancy Use

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml may pass into breast milk and could potentially harm a nursing baby. Consult your doctor before using amikacin if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

Lactation

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should not be used during breastfeeding due to potential risk of harm to the nursed infant. Consult your doctor before using amikacin if you are breastfeeding.

Acute Overdose

In the event of an overdose, amikacin may cause ototoxicity, reversible neuromuscular blockade, and renal toxicity. Treatment of an overdose consists of supportive care and forced diuresis.

Contraindication

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics. It should also not be used in patients with severe renal impairment or in patients with a history of convulsions.

Use Direction

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should be used as directed by your doctor. It should be taken exactly as prescribed and at the advised dosage recommended by your doctor to ensure that the desired therapeutic effects are achieved.

Storage Conditions

Amikin IM/IV Injection 500 mg/2 ml should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and light. It should also be kept out of reach of children and pets.