Acnesone Gel

Acnesone Gel 7.5% Introduction

Acnesone Gel 7.5% (also known as diaminodiphenyl sulfone or DDS) is an antibiotic drug that is primarily used to treat leprosy, but can also be used as a treatment for numerous other conditions, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. In addition, dapsone has recently been found to be effective in treating HIV-related diseases. Acnesone Gel 7.5% is a sulfone and is chemically related to sulfonamides such as sulfamethoxazole.

Uses For Acnesone Gel 7.5%

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is primarily used to treat leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is also used to treat dermatitis herpetiformis, an inflammatory skin condition caused by an autoimmune reaction to gluten ingestion. In addition, dapsone can be used to treat Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, an infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii that primarily affects patients with weakened immune systems. In recent years, researchers have found that dapsone is also effective in treating some HIV-related diseases, such as refractory HIV-associated dermatoses and cryptosporidiosis. Due to its activity against a broad spectrum of infectious agents, dapsone is used off-label for a variety of infections, including head lice.

Brand Name	Acnesone
Type	Gel
Weight	7.5%
Generic	Dapsone
Manufacturer	Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Available in	English বাংলা

Mechanism of Action

Acnesone Gel 7.5% works by inhibiting both the synthesis and the activity of dihydrofolic acid, an essential cofactor in the synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins and other biological molecules. This inhibition leads to the death of bacterial and some fungal cells, while sparing animal tissue. Acnesone Gel 7.5% can also act as an immunomodulator and has been shown to reduce the severity of inflammatory diseases.

How Long Does It Take to Work?

The effect of dapsone depends on the severity of the disease and other individual factors. For example, dapsone may take several weeks to months to treat leprosy, while it can take up to two weeks to treat Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

Absorption

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are generally reached within 1-3 hours after administration.

Route of Elimination

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is mainly eliminated in the urine in the form of metabolites. Unmetabolized dapsone is also present in urine, but at a much lower concentration than the metabolites.

Dosage

• Apply once daily (7.5% gel) and twice daily (5% gel) after the skin is gently washed and patted dry
• Apply approximately a pea-sized amount of gel in a thin layer to the acne affected area
• Rub the gel gently and completely
• If there is no improvement after 12 weeks, treatment with this gel should be reassessed
• Dapsone gel maybe gritty with visible drug substance particles
• Wash hands after application

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is available in oral tablet, capsule and tablet dosage forms. Usual adult dosage is 100-200 mg once a day, with increasing doses up to 600 mg a day if needed. The dosage is different for leprosy, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and dermatitis herpetiformis, and should be adjusted according to individual patient needs.

Administration

Acnesone Gel 7.5% should be taken with food or after a meal. It is important to take the doses evenly, as taking larger doses more often than recommended may increase the likelihood of side effects.

Side Effects

Acnesone Gel 7.5% can cause numerous side effects, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, rash, itching, hair loss, altered liver function, anemia, and peripheral neuropathy. Serious side effects can include liver and kidney damage, blistering skin rashes, severe anemia, and leukopenia.

Toxicity

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is generally considered to be non-toxic, however, in certain cases, large doses of dapsone can cause hematological and hepatic toxicity. Symptoms of dapsone toxicity include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing and confusion.

Precaution

Patients who are allergic to sulfonamides or other antibiotics should avoid taking dapsone. Acnesone Gel 7.5% should also be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, blood disorders, or other medical conditions. Patients must also inform their doctor if they are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Interaction

Acnesone Gel 7.5% can interact with other medications, including vitamin B2, antacid, iron, and folate supplements, as well as other antibiotics. It may also interact with some medical conditions, such as G6PD deficiency, liver and kidney diseases, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Disease Interaction

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is known to interact with certain diseases, such as G6PD deficiency, liver and kidney disease, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. It is important to inform a doctor if a patient has any of these diseases before taking dapsone.

Drug Interaction

Acnesone Gel 7.5% can interact with several other drugs, including antacids, vitamin B2, iron and folate supplements, as well as other antibiotics. To avoid interactions, it is important to inform a doctor about all medications and supplements a patient is taking before initiating dapsone therapy.

Food Interactions

The absorption of dapsone is increased in the presence of food. Therefore, it is recommended to take dapsone with a meal or snack to improve its effectiveness.

Pregnancy Use

Acnesone Gel 7.5% should not be used during pregnancy, due to the risk of harm to an unborn baby. Women should consult their doctor before taking dapsone if they are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.

Lactation Use

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is excreted in breast milk and therefore should not be taken by lactating women unless absolutely necessary. If necessary, it is recommended to take dapsone four hours after breastfeeding to reduce the risk of side effects in the baby.

Acute Overdose

Acute overdose of dapsone can cause nausea, vomiting, confusion, rash, hypoglycemia, and peripheral neuropathy. Treatment is generally supportive and patients should seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindication

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to sulfonamides or other antibiotics. It should also be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney diseases, blood disorders, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Use Direction

Acnesone Gel 7.5% should be taken with food or after a meal. Do not exceed the recommended dosage and take the medication at evenly spaced intervals. Do not stop taking dapsone without consulting a doctor.

Storage Condition

Acnesone Gel 7.5% should be stored at room temperature and away from heat, light, and moisture. It should also be kept out of reach of children and pets.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of dapsone is approximately 0.5 L/kg.

Half Life

The half-life of dapsone is approximately 8 hours.

Clearance

The clearance of dapsone is approximately 3 mL/min/kg.

See in details version Acnesone Gel 7.5% also Acnesone Gel 7.5% in bangla

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Some Frequently Asked Questions About Acnesone Gel 7.5%

1. What is Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory medication primarily used to treat leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and certain bacterial infections. It is also used as a second-line treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients.

2. How does Acnesone Gel 7.5% work?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% works by inhibiting bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, a component essential for bacterial DNA replication and cell division. This bacteriostatic effect prevents the growth and spread of bacteria. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce skin irritation and inflammation.

3. What are the common uses of Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is commonly prescribed for:

• Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
• Acne vulgaris
• Autoimmune skin conditions

4. Is Acnesone Gel 7.5% an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% serves as both an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory drug. It treats bacterial infections by stopping bacterial growth and reduces skin inflammation in autoimmune skin conditions.

5. How is Acnesone Gel 7.5% administered?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is usually taken orally in tablet form. In some cases, it is available as a topical gel for treating acne. The dosage and duration depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s medical history.

6. What is the typical dosage of Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

The recommended dosage varies:

• For leprosy: 50-100 mg once daily
• For dermatitis herpetiformis: 50-300 mg daily, depending on severity
• For Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: 100 mg once daily for prevention

It’s essential to follow the doctor's instructions for dosage.

7. What are the side effects of Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

Common side effects include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Skin rash

Severe side effects may include hemolytic anemia, liver damage, or Acnesone Gel 7.5% hypersensitivity syndrome.

8. What is Acnesone Gel 7.5% hypersensitivity syndrome?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening reaction that typically occurs 4-6 weeks after starting the drug. Symptoms include fever, skin rash, liver inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Immediate medical attention is necessary if symptoms occur.

9. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used during pregnancy?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is typically avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It can cross the placenta and cause hemolysis in newborns, particularly in mothers with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

10. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used while breastfeeding?

Small amounts of Acnesone Gel 7.5% can pass into breast milk. Although generally considered safe, monitoring the infant for symptoms of hemolysis or jaundice is recommended.

11. How long does it take for Acnesone Gel 7.5% to work?

For leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis, noticeable improvements may take several weeks to months. In acne treatment, results are typically visible within 8-12 weeks of consistent use.

12. Is Acnesone Gel 7.5% effective against acne?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% gel is used to treat moderate to severe acne. It reduces inflammation and clears clogged pores, making it effective in managing acne lesions.

13. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used in children?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% can be prescribed to children for conditions like leprosy or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. The dosage is adjusted based on the child’s weight and health condition.

14. What precautions should be taken before using Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

Before starting Acnesone Gel 7.5%, it is essential to inform your doctor about:

• Any allergies to Acnesone Gel 7.5% or sulfa drugs
• G6PD deficiency
• Liver or kidney disease
• Ongoing infections

Regular blood tests may be required during treatment.

15. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause anemia?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% can cause hemolytic anemia, especially in people with G6PD deficiency. It is important to monitor blood cell levels through regular blood tests.

16. How should Acnesone Gel 7.5% be stored?

Store Acnesone Gel 7.5% at room temperature (20-25°C), away from moisture and light. Keep it in its original packaging and out of reach of children.

17. What should I do if I miss a dose of Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.

18. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% interact with other medications?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% may interact with:

• Rifampin
• Trimethoprim
• Folic acid antagonists
• Anticonvulsants

Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.

19. Is Acnesone Gel 7.5% used to treat malaria?

While Acnesone Gel 7.5% has some antimalarial properties, it is not commonly used as a primary treatment for malaria. Other medications like chloroquine are preferred.

20. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause allergic reactions?

Yes, allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or swelling may occur. Severe reactions like Acnesone Gel 7.5% hypersensitivity syndrome are rare but require immediate medical attention.

21. How long should Acnesone Gel 7.5% be taken for leprosy?

Leprosy treatment with Acnesone Gel 7.5% typically lasts for 6-12 months, often combined with other antibiotics like rifampin and clofazimine.

22. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used for fungal infections?

No, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is not effective against fungal infections. It is specifically used to treat bacterial infections and inflammatory skin conditions.

23. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used in HIV patients?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is commonly used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 counts.

24. What should be done in case of Acnesone Gel 7.5% overdose?

In case of overdose, seek emergency medical attention. Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, dizziness, or difficulty breathing.

25. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be stopped suddenly?

No, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice. Suddenly stopping Acnesone Gel 7.5% may worsen the condition or lead to bacterial resistance.

26. Is it safe to consume alcohol while taking Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

It is generally advised to avoid alcohol while taking Acnesone Gel 7.5%, as it may increase the risk of liver damage and worsen side effects like dizziness and nausea.

27. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

No, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is not typically used for treating urinary tract infections. It is more effective for skin infections, leprosy, and specific bacterial infections.

28. What is the role of Acnesone Gel 7.5% in combination therapy for leprosy?

In leprosy treatment, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is usually combined with rifampin and clofazimine as part of a multidrug therapy (MDT) regimen to prevent antibiotic resistance.

29. Does Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause photosensitivity?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% may increase skin sensitivity to sunlight, leading to sunburn or rash. It is advisable to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing during sun exposure.

30. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used to treat skin infections caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% is not the first-line treatment for bacterial skin infections caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. Other antibiotics like penicillin or cephalosporins are preferred.

31. What is the difference between oral and topical Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

Oral Acnesone Gel 7.5% is used to treat systemic infections like leprosy, while topical Acnesone Gel 7.5% (in gel form) is typically used for acne treatment and other localized skin conditions.

32. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Although not a primary treatment, Acnesone Gel 7.5% has shown some effectiveness in treating autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties.

33. What is the recommended monitoring while on Acnesone Gel 7.5% therapy?

Patients on Acnesone Gel 7.5% require regular blood tests to monitor:

• Hemoglobin levels (to detect anemia)
• White blood cell count
• Liver function
• Signs of methemoglobinemia

34. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause nerve damage?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% does not typically cause nerve damage. However, untreated leprosy can lead to nerve damage, which may persist despite treatment.

35. What happens if Acnesone Gel 7.5% is taken for a long time?

Long-term use of Acnesone Gel 7.5% may increase the risk of hemolysis, liver damage, or neuropathy. Regular monitoring and follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential.

36. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause gastrointestinal issues?

Yes, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common side effects of Acnesone Gel 7.5%. Taking it with food may help reduce these symptoms.

37. Is Acnesone Gel 7.5% a sulfa drug?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is classified as a sulfone drug, which is a derivative of sulfa drugs. Patients allergic to sulfa medications may also react to Acnesone Gel 7.5%.

38. How does Acnesone Gel 7.5% affect patients with G6PD deficiency?

In individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, Acnesone Gel 7.5% can cause severe hemolytic anemia. A G6PD test is usually performed before starting treatment.

39. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause changes in skin color?

Prolonged use of Acnesone Gel 7.5% may lead to skin discoloration or a bluish-gray tint, a condition called methemoglobinemia. Immediate medical attention is required if symptoms appear.

40. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used for fungal skin infections?

No, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is not effective against fungal infections. Antifungal medications are recommended for treating fungal skin infections.

41. What is the duration of treatment with Acnesone Gel 7.5% for dermatitis herpetiformis?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis may last several months to years, depending on the patient’s response. A gluten-free diet is often recommended alongside Acnesone Gel 7.5%.

42. Does Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause dizziness or drowsiness?

Yes, dizziness and drowsiness are potential side effects of Acnesone Gel 7.5%. Avoid driving or operating machinery if you experience these symptoms.

43. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% affect fertility?

There is no conclusive evidence that Acnesone Gel 7.5% directly affects fertility in men or women. However, consult your doctor if you are planning to conceive while on Acnesone Gel 7.5%.

44. Is Acnesone Gel 7.5% safe for elderly patients?

Acnesone Gel 7.5% can be used in elderly patients but with caution. Due to age-related changes in liver and kidney function, dose adjustments and regular monitoring are often necessary.

45. What is the relationship between Acnesone Gel 7.5% and Hansen’s disease?

Hansen’s disease, commonly known as leprosy, is one of the primary conditions treated with Acnesone Gel 7.5%. It is part of the standard multidrug therapy for leprosy worldwide.

46. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause weight loss?

Weight loss is not a common side effect of Acnesone Gel 7.5%. However, in some cases, severe gastrointestinal issues may lead to unintended weight loss. Notify your doctor if this occurs.

47. What should I do in case of an allergic reaction to Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

In case of symptoms like rash, swelling, difficulty breathing, or severe dizziness, discontinue Acnesone Gel 7.5% and seek emergency medical attention immediately.

48. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% be used for prophylaxis in organ transplant patients?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% is sometimes used as a prophylactic drug to prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in organ transplant recipients or immunocompromised patients.

49. Can Acnesone Gel 7.5% cause liver damage?

Yes, Acnesone Gel 7.5% may cause liver damage in some individuals. Signs of liver issues include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, and persistent abdominal pain. Liver function tests are recommended during treatment.

50. What should I do if I accidentally take too much Acnesone Gel 7.5%?

If you suspect a Acnesone Gel 7.5% overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, and bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis).