Potassium MCQ 38+

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• Severe hypokalemia may result from
  ক

  Use of thiazide diruretics

  খ

  Primary hyperaldosteronism

  গ

  Beta cell tumour of pancreas

  ঘ

  Dehydration

  ঙ

  Acidosis
• Hypotonic hyperchloremia found in
  ক

  Cushing sundrome

  খ

  Congestive cardiac failure

  গ

  Nephrotic syndrome

  ঘ

  Cirrhosis of liver

  ঙ

  Conn’s syndrome
• ECG change due to hyperkalaemia includes:
  ক

  Tall T wave

  খ

  Widening of QRS complex

  গ

  ST depression

  ঘ

  Peaked P wave

  ঙ

  Appearance of U wave
• Acidosis with hypokalemia may be found in:
  ক

  Type –I renal tubular acidosis

  খ

  Severe ulcerative colitis

  গ

  Acute pancreatitis

  ঘ

  Primary hyperaldosteronism

  ঙ

  Pulmonary embolism
• Regarding potassium
  ক

  Hyperkalaemia may lead to cardiac arrest

  খ

  Intake needs to be restricted in renal disease

  গ

  Is the main extra cellular cations

  ঘ

  Hypokalaemia never leads to arrhythmia

  ঙ

  Is mainly excreted in faeces
• Potassium influx into cell is caused by
  ক

  Insulin

  খ

  ß-agonist

  গ

  Aldosterone

  ঘ

  Acidemia

  ঙ

  Acute potassium deficit
• Hypokalemia is manifested by
  ক

  Polyurea

  খ

  Polydipsia

  গ

  Glucose intolerance

  ঘ

  Tall tented T wave

  ঙ

  Elevation of ST segment
• The following factors regulate transmembrane K-influx
  ক

  Aldosterone

  খ

  Insulin

  গ

  β blocker

  ঘ

  Glucagon

  ঙ

  Metabolic acidosis
• Factors causing transmembrane K+ influx are
  ক

  Insulin

  খ

  Alkalemia

  গ

  Acute K+ load

  ঘ

  Blocker

  ঙ

   agonist
• Hypokalaemic alkalosis may occur in
  ক

  Cirrhosis of liver

  খ

  Pyloric stenosis

  গ

  Primary hyperaldosteronism

  ঘ

  Type-I renal tubular acidosis

  ঙ

  Chronic renal failure
• Hyperkalaemia can be a feature of
  ক

  Addison’s disease

  খ

  Chronic renal failure

  গ

  Severe acute renal failure

  ঘ

  Use of ACE inhibitor

  ঙ

  Prolong use of loop diuretics
• Excessive loss of potassium is undesirable because it may produce
  ক

  Intestinal stasis

  খ

  Cardiac arrest

  গ

  Intestinal ulceration

  ঘ

  Intestinal haemorrhage

  ঙ

  Decreased response to cardiac glycosides
• Hypokalemia causes
  ক

  Long PR interval

  খ

  Ventricular extrasystole

  গ

  Long QT interval

  ঘ

  Long QRS complex

  ঙ

  Elevated ST segment
• The treatment of severe hyperkalemia should include
  ক

  Parenteral dextrose and insulin therapy

  খ

  Parenteral calcium gluconate

  গ

  Dietary restriction of coffee

  ঘ

  Alpha antagonist

  ঙ

  Restoration of sodium and water
• Total body potassium
  ক

  Remains mostly intracellular

  খ

  Average value is 45 meq/kg body weight in young

  গ

  Remains 25% in free form

  ঘ

  75% is in exchangeable form

  ঙ

  Level increases with advancing age
• Hyperkalemic drugs are
  ক

  Cyclosporine

  খ

  Trimethoprim

  গ

  Heparin

  ঘ

  Cyclophosphamide

  ঙ

  Thiazide
• Causes of hyperkalemia
  ক

  Red cell haemolysis

  খ

  Renal failure

  গ

  Suxamethonium administration

  ঘ

  Insulin therapy

  ঙ

  Metabolic alkalosis
• Hyperkalemia occurs in
  ক

  Acute renal failure

  খ

  Addison's disease

  গ

  Captopril therapy

  ঘ

  SIADH

  ঙ

  Cardiac failure
• Factors causing increased potassium uptake into cells are
  ক

  Aldosterone

  খ

  Epinephrine

  গ

  Insulin

  ঘ

  Glucagon

  ঙ

  Acetylcholine
• Hyperkalemia is caused by
  ক

  Insulin deficiency

  খ

  Hemorrhage

  গ

  Excessive sweating

  ঘ

  Digitalis overdose

  ঙ

  Cushing’s syndrome
• ECG changes in hypokalemia are
  ক

  ST segment depression

  খ

  T wave inversion

  গ

  QRS interval of >0.20 seconds

  ঘ

  Absence of prominent U wave

  ঙ

  Normal QT interval
• In the hypokalemia, ECG shows
  ক

  Prolonged PR interval

  খ

  ST depression

  গ

  Prolonged QT interval

  ঘ

  Prominent U wave

  ঙ

  Tall and slender T wave
• Hyperkalemia commonly occurs in
  ক

  Severe burn

  খ

  Acute glomerular necrosis

  গ

  Conn syndrome

  ঘ

  Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

  ঙ

  Carcinoid syndrome
• A 25-year-old woman presented with recurrent hypokalaemia with blood pressure 100/70 mmHg and blood pH 7.46. Underlying causes are
  ক

  Diuretic therapy

  খ

  Conn’s syndrome

  গ

  Gitelman’s syndrome

  ঘ

  Liddle’s syndrome

  ঙ

  Ectopic ACTH
• Hypokalaemia is developed due to
  ক

  Vomiting

  খ

  Diarrhoea

  গ

  Pyloric stenosis

  ঘ

  Gastritis

  ঙ

  Dysphagia
• Hyperkalaemia may cause
  ক

  Decreased systemic vascular resistance

  খ

  Decreased sodium excretion

  গ

  Increased aldosterone secretion [Ref: Davidson/24th/Box-19.16/P-629]

  ঘ

  Increased ammonium production

  ঙ

  Increased renin secretion
• Causes of hyperkalaemia are
  ক

  Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

  খ

  Chronic renal failure

  গ

  Renal tubular acidosis

  ঘ

  Frusemide diuretics intake

  ঙ

  Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
• The emergency treatment of severe hyperkalaemia should include
  ক

  Dietary restriction of coffee and fruit juices

  খ

  Parenteral calcium gluconate therapy

  গ

  Calcium resonium orally and/or rectally

  ঘ

  Parenteral dextrose and glucagons therapy

  ঙ

  Restoration of sodium and water balance
• Emergency treatment of severe hyperkalemia include
  ক

  Dietary restriction of coffee and fruit juices

  খ

  Parenteral calcium gluconate therapy

  গ

  Potassium kayexalate resonium orally

  ঘ

  Parenteral dextrose and glucagon therapy

  ঙ

  Restoration of Na and H2O balances
• Hyperkalaemia occurs in
  ক

  Septic shock

  খ

  Burn

  গ

  G.O.O

  ঘ

  Carcinoma gall bladder

  ঙ

  Carcinoma rectum