Comparative Genomics MCQ

Test your knowledge with important Comparative Genomics MCQ and their applications. These MCQs are beneficial for competitive exams too. Explore 30 + more Comparative Genomics MCQs at Bissoy

• Annotation is based on finding significant alignment to sequences of known function in database similarity searches.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Horizontal Gene Transfer?
  ক

  The genomes of most organisms are derived by vertical transmission, the inheritance of chromosomes from parents to offspring from one generation to the next

  খ

  It is the acquisition of genetic material from a different organism

  গ

  The transferred material becomes a temporary addition to the recipient genome

  ঘ

  An extreme example is the proposed endosymbiont origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and chloroplasts in plants
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Ancient Conserved Regions?
  ক

  The method involves database similarity searches of the SwissProt database with human, worm, yeast, or E. coli genes and identification of matches with sequences from a different phylum than the query sequence

  খ

  An analysis of ACRs that predate the radiation of the major animal phyla some 580–540 million years ago suggested that 50–60% of coding sequences are ACRs

  গ

  These ACRs may represent proteins present at the time of the prokaryotic–eukaryotic divergence

  ঘ

  Phylogenetically diverse groups of organisms have been analyzed for the presence of conserved proteins and protein domains that have been conserved over long periods of evolutionary time, called ancient conserved regions or ACRs
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Family and Domain Analysis?
  ক

  Gene identification of predicted proteins in the genome is designed to discover the metabolic features of an organism

  খ

  In a particular organism or group of organisms, one particular domain can be expanded to perform a particular function

  গ

  Comparison of the domain content of an entire proteome with that of another proteome cannot help in revealing the biological roles of diverse domains in different organisms

  ঘ

  Different proteins are mosaics of domains that occur in different combinations in a given protein
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Searching for orthologs to a protein family in an EST database?
  ক

  Searches of EST databases for matches to a query sequence routinely produce minimal amounts of output that must be searched manually for significant hits

  খ

  ESTs with a high percent identity with the query sequence, a long alignment with the query sequence, and a very low E value of the alignment score represent groups of paralogous and orthologous genes

  গ

  To identify orthologs as the most closely related sequence, ESTs were aligned using the amino acid alignment as a guide

  ঘ

  To identify orthologs as the most closely related sequence, a phylogenetic tree was produced by the maximum likelihood method
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about the Comparison of proteomes to EST databases of an organism?
  ক

  ESTs are single DNA sequence reads that contain a small fraction of incorrect base assessments, insertions, and deletions

  খ

  Many sequences arise from near the 5’ end of the mRNA, although every effort is usually made to read as far 3’ as possible into the upstream portion of the cDNA

  গ

  EST libraries are useful for preliminary identification of genes by database similarity searches

  ঘ

  An EST database of an organism can be analyzed for the presence of gene families, orthologs, and paralogs
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Clusters of orthologous groups?
  ক

  Using the protein from one of the organisms to search the proteome of the other for high-scoring matches should identify the ortholog as the highest- scoring match, or best hit

  খ

  When entire proteomes of the two organisms are available, orthologs may be identified

  গ

  a pair of orthologous genes in two organisms share so much sequence similarity that they may be assumed to have arisen from a common ancestor gene

  ঘ

  each of the orthologs belongs to a family composed of paralogous sequences but irrelevant or not related to each other
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Grouping Sequences?
  ক

  The problem of deciding which sequences to include in the same group or cluster and which to separate into different groups or clusters is a recurring one

  খ

  Divergence is necessary, but the sequences chosen should be clearly related based on inspection of each pair-wise alignment and a statistical analysis

  গ

  The conservative approach is to group distinct sequences

  ঘ

  The adventurous approach is to choose a set of marginally alignable sequences to pursue the difficult task of making a multiple sequence alignment and then to make profile models that may recognize divergence but will also give false predictions
• The all-against-all analyses provide an indication as to the number of protein/gene families in an organism. This number represents the core proteome of the organism from which all biological functions have diversified.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Clustering by single linkage?
  ক

  In First step, a group of related sequences found in the all-against-all proteome comparison is subjected to a multiple sequence alignment usually by CLUSTALW

  খ

  A neighbor-joining algorithm is rarely used in this method

  গ

  This procedure and the algorithms are the same as those used to make a phylogenetic tree by the distance methods

  ঘ

  A distance matrix that shows the number of amino acid changes between each pair of sequences is made
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Clustering by making subgraphs?
  ক

  Each sequence is a vertex and each pair of sequences that is matched with a significant alignment score is joined by an edge that is weighted according to the statistical significance of the alignment score

  খ

  One way to identify the most strongly supported clusters is simply to add the most weakly supported edges in the graph

  গ

  One way to identify the most strongly supported clusters is simply to remove the most weakly supported edges in the graph

  ঘ

  An edge is weighted according to the statistical significance of the alignment score
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about Cluster analysis?
  ক

  Clustering organizes the proteins into groups by some objective criterion

  খ

  One criterion for a matching protein pair is the statistical significance of their alignment score

  গ

  The P or E value from BLAST searches cannot be the criterion for a matching protein pair

  ঘ

  A criterion for clustering proteins is the distance between each pair of sequences in a multiple sequence alignment
• Which of the given statements is incorrect about All-against-all Self-comparison?
  ক

  A comparison of each protein in the proteome with all other proteins distinguishes unique proteins from proteins that have arisen from gene duplication, and also reveals the number of protein families but the domain content of these proteins cannot be known

  খ

  In all-against-all proteome comparison, each protein is used as a query in a similarity search against the remaining proteome

  গ

  In all-against-all proteome comparison, the similar sequences are ranked by the quality and length of the alignments found

  ঘ

  In all-against-all proteome comparison, The search is conducted with each alignment score receiving a statistical evaluation (P or E value)
• Which of the following information Sequence comparisons do not provide?
  ক

  Gene relationships

  খ

  Function history

  গ

  Evolutionary history

  ঘ

  Gene locations
• Comparative genomics includes a comparison of gene number, gene content, and gene location in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic groups of organisms.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Genes involved in the same metabolic pathway tend to be clustered among phylogenetically diverse organisms.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• Which of the following is untrue about Gene Order Comparison?
  ক

  When the order of a number of linked genes is conserved between genomes, it is called synteny

  খ

  Generally, gene order is much more conserved compared with gene sequences

  গ

  Generally, gene order is much less conserved compared with gene sequences

  ঘ

  It is in fact rarely observed among divergent species
• Within-Genome Approach is to identify regions within a genome with unusual compositions.
  ক

  True

  খ

  False
• A way to discern lateral gene transfer is through phylogenetic analysis, referred to as an ‘among-genome’ approach, which can be used to discover __________
  ক

  recent lateral gene transfer events but almost negligible ancient events

  খ

  recent lateral gene transfer events

  গ

  ancient lateral gene transfer events

  ঘ

  both recent and ancient lateral gene transfer events
• Which of the following is untrue about Lateral gene transfer?
  ক

  It is also known as vertical gene transfer

  খ

  There is exchange of genetic materials between species

  গ

  It mainly occurs among prokaryotic organisms when foreign genes are acquired through mechanisms

  ঘ

  It is one of the examples is transformation
• Coregenes is a web-based program that determines a ________ set of genes based on comparison of ________ small genomes.
  ক

  vast, four

  খ

  core, fifteen

  গ

  core, four

  ঘ

  vast, fifteen
• A minimal constitutes genome, which is a _____ set of genes required for maintaining a free living cellular organism.
  ক

  maximum

  খ

  maximal

  গ

  highest number of set of

  ঘ

  minimal
• Which of the following is untrue about LAGAN?
  ক

  It stands for Limited Area Global Alignment of Nucleotides

  খ

  It is a web-based program designed for pairwise alignment of small fragments of genomes only

  গ

  It first finds anchors between two genomic sequences using an algorithm that identifies short, exactly matching words

  ঘ

  Regions that have high density of words are selected as anchors
• Which of the following is untrue about Whole Genome Alignment?
  ক

  This helps to reveal the presence of conserved functional elements

  খ

  It doesn’t help to understand sequence conservation between genomes

  গ

  It be accomplished through direct genome comparison or genome alignment

  ঘ

  The alignment at the genome level is fundamentally no different from the basic sequence alignment
• Which of the following is untrue about comparative genomics?
  ক

  It is comparison of whole genomes from different organisms

  খ

  It includes comparison of gene number, gene location, and gene content from these genomes

  গ

  It provides insights into the mechanism of genome evolution and gene transfer among genomes

  ঘ

  It doesn’t help to reveal the extent of conservation among genomes