Cell injury & adaptations MCQ 79+

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• Cellular aging
  ক

  Results from DNA damage

  খ

  Is characterized by genetic instability

  গ

  Results from activation of tumor suppressor genes

  ঘ

  Is not modified by total calorie intake

  ঙ

  Results from elongation of telomerase
• Intracellular accumulations of cholesterol are seen in
  ক

  Atheroscelerosis

  খ

  Xanthoma

  গ

  Nicmann-Pick disease

  ঘ

  type C

  ঙ

  Arteriosclerosis

  চ

  Oncocytoma
• Intracellular accumulation of cholesterol occurs in
  ক

  Inflammation

  খ

  Atherosclerosis

  গ

  Niemann-Pick disease

  ঘ

  type C

  ঙ

  Alkaptonuria

  চ

  Ochronosis
• Necroptosis
  ক

  Is genetically programmed

  খ

  Is characterized by loss of ATP

  গ

  Shows rupture of cell membrane

  ঘ

  Involves caspase activation pathway

  ঙ

  Is exclusively pathological
• Necroptosis is seen in
  ক

  Acute pancreatitis

  খ

  Reperfusion injury

  গ

  Parkinson disease

  ঘ

  Tuberculosis

  ঙ

  Atrophy of seminiferous tubules
• Metastatic calcification occurs in following diseases
  ক

  Parathyroid hyperplasia

  খ

  Breast carcinoma with skeletal metastasis

  গ

  Sarcoidosis

  ঘ

  Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

  ঙ

  Prostatic carcinoma
• Pathological calcification may be seen in the following conditions
  ক

  Oligodendroglioma

  খ

  Enzymatic fat necrosis

  গ

  In papillary carcinoma of thyroid

  ঘ

  Hodgkin’s lymphoma

  ঙ

  In fatty liver
• Dystrophic calcification
  ক

  Is encountered in areas of necrosis

  খ

  Is a telltale sign of previous cell injury

  গ

  Occurs in normal tissues

  ঘ

  Occurs whenever there is hypercalcaemia

  ঙ

  Appear microscopically as fine white granules
• Metastatic calcification occurs in following organ
  ক

  Stomach

  খ

  Lungs

  গ

  Cornea

  ঘ

  Blood vessel

  ঙ

  Kidney
• The sites in which metastatic calcification occurs are
  ক

  The Kidney

  খ

  The cornea

  গ

  The wall of the inferior vena cava

  ঘ

  Old tuberculous lesions

  ঙ

  Atheroma
• Common sites of metastatic calcification are
  ক

  Gastric mucosa

  খ

  Kidney

  গ

  Systemic arteries

  ঘ

  Omental fat

  ঙ

  Abscess cavity
• Conditions that give rise to metastatic calcification are
  ক

  Sarcoidosis

  খ

  Renal failure

  গ

  Multiple myeloma

  ঘ

  Atherosclerosis

  ঙ

  Pulmonary tuberculosis
• Metastatic calcification is associated with
  ক

  Multiple myeloma

  খ

  Hyperparathyroidism

  গ

  Aortic stenosis

  ঘ

  Atherosclerosis

  ঙ

  Healing of tuberculous lesions
• Dystrophic calcification can occur in
  ক

  Fat necrosis

  খ

  Carcinoma of thyroid

  গ

  Tuberculous lymph node

  ঘ

  Parathyroid adenoma

  ঙ

  Sarcoidosis
• Psammoma bodies are
  ক

  Are seen in meningioma

  খ

  Are present in papillary carcinoma of thyroid

  গ

  Are bluish under microscope

  ঘ

  Thick amyloid like protein

  ঙ

  Require special stain to demonstrate
• Systems that operate to inactivate free radicals are
  ক

  Glutathione peroxidase

  খ

  Superoxide dismutase

  গ

  Vitamin C

  ঘ

  Hydrogen peroxide

  ঙ

  Myeloperoxidase
• Free radicals are formed in the body
  ক

  By absorption of X-rays

  খ

  During metabolism

  গ

  By the formation of reactive oxygen species

  ঘ

  By superoxide dismutases

  ঙ

  By vitamin E
• Reactive oxygen species are released
  ক

  During phagocytosis

  খ

  During regeneration of tissue

  গ

  During tumorigenesis

  ঘ

  On exposure to immune complexes

  ঙ

  On exposure to chemokines
• Hydrogen peroxide can be neutralized by
  ক

  Catalase

  খ

  Glutathione peroxidase

  গ

  Superoxide dismutase

  ঘ

  Myeloperoxidase

  ঙ

  Glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase
• Free radicals are generated
  ক

  During inflammation

  খ

  By enzymatic metabolism of drugs

  গ

  During normal metabolic processes

  ঘ

  By glutathione

  ঙ

  By ceruloplasmin
• Free radicals are removed from the cells by the action of
  ক

  Superoxide dismutase

  খ

  Transferrin

  গ

  Glutathione

  ঘ

  Endonuclease

  ঙ

  Vitamin B12
• Free radicals
  ক

  May arise by absorption of radiant energy

  খ

  Antioxidants block free radical formation

  গ

  May cause peroxidation of lipids within plasma membrane

  ঘ

  Are not a byproduct of metabolism

  ঙ

  Can only form in the presence of oxygen
• Hydrogen peroxide can be neutralized in our body by
  ক

  Glutathione peroxidase

  খ

  Catalase

  গ

  Superoxide dismutase

  ঘ

  Myeloperoxidase

  ঙ

  Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P
• Removal of free radicals occur by
  ক

  Antioxidant

  খ

  Superoxide dismutase

  গ

  Transferrin

  ঘ

  Calcium

  ঙ

  Nitric Oxide
• Antioxidants is/are
  ক

  Ascorbic acid

  খ

  Vitamin E

  গ

  Vitamin D

  ঘ

  Superoxide

  ঙ

  Hydrogen peroxide
• Morphological features in apoptotic cells include
  ক

  Nuclear fragmentation

  খ

  Chromatin condensation

  গ

  Cytoplasmic blebs

  ঘ

  Nuclear pyknosis

  ঙ

  Cell swelling
• Statements regarding apoptosis are
  ক

  It is a programmed cell death

  খ

  The dead cells are rapidly cleared

  গ

  It may co-exist with necrosis

  ঘ

  Inflammation surrounds the apoptotic focus

  ঙ

  Cell membrane damage is a constant feature
• Features of apoptosis are
  ক

  Reduced cell size

  খ

  Fragmentation of cell nucleus

  গ

  Disrupted plasma membrane of cells

  ঘ

  Inflammation in adjacent tissue

  ঙ

  Enzymatic digestion of cellular contents
• Features of apoptosis include
  ক

  Chromatin condensation

  খ

  Formation of cytoplasmic blebs and apoptotic bodies

  গ

  Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophage

  ঘ

  Cellular swelling

  ঙ

  Inflammation
• Apoptosis is triggered by
  ক

  p53

  খ

  Fas-Fas-ligand

  গ

  bcl2

  ঘ

  Superoxide dismutase

  ঙ

  Nitric oxide