Body fluid & its disorders MCQ 35+

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• Radioactive Isotope
  ক

  Helps in bone scan

  খ

  Capable to emit radiation

  গ

  Cannot convert to stable isotope

  ঘ

  Safe in pregnancy

  ঙ

  Not suitable for sterilization of medical instruments
• Indications of intravenous rehydration include
  ক

  High purging rate

  খ

  Persistent vomiting

  গ

  Severe dehydration

  ঘ

  Diarrhea in neonatal period

  ঙ

  Some dehydration in malnourished child
• The followings are isotonic solutions
  ক

  Cholera saline

  খ

  Normal saline

  গ

  Hartman’s solutions

  ঘ

  5% DNS

  ঙ

  10% dextrose
• Colloid particles
  ক

  Can be seen under ultra microscope

  খ

  Are non- dialyzable

  গ

  Can not pass through semi- permeable membrane

  ঘ

  Are about 600-1000nm in sizes

  ঙ

  Form homogenous solution in water
• Isotonic fluids are
  ক

  Normal saline

  খ

  5% dextrose in aqua

  গ

  Cholera saline

  ঘ

  5% DNS

  ঙ

  Baby saline
• Hartsman solution contains
  ক

  Sodium

  খ

  Potassium

  গ

  Calcium

  ঘ

  Magnesium

  ঙ

  Bicarbonate
• Crystalloid solutions are
  ক

  Dextrose saline

  খ

  Hartmann's solution

  গ

  Normal saline

  ঘ

  Gelofusine

  ঙ

  Haemaccel
• When oral rehydration solution is taken
  ক

  Sodium mostly enters the cell through active transport

  খ

  Potassium enters the cell through active transport

  গ

  Water enters through diffusion

  ঘ

  Glucose enters the cell through facilitated diffusion

  ঙ

  Citrate enters through diffusion
• Crystalloids includes
  ক

  Sodium

  খ

  Chloride

  গ

  Potassium

  ঘ

  Plasma

  ঙ

  Albumin
• 0.9% sodium chloride solution in water is a
  ক

  Standard solution

  খ

  Normal solution of sodium chloride

  গ

  Isotonic solution

  ঘ

  Crystalloid solution

  ঙ

  Buffer solution
• One liter of normal saline contains
  ক

  Nine grams of sodium chloride

  খ

  154 mmol of sodium ion

  গ

  154 mmol of chloride ion

  ঘ

  140 mmol of sodium ion

  ঙ

  105 mmol of chloride ion
• In osmotic diuresis
  ক

  Excess Unreabsorbed solute in urine

  খ

  Urinary osmolarity is hypertonic

  গ

  Decreased serum ADH concentration

  ঘ

  Electrolyte loss is minimum

  ঙ

  ECF volume is usually normal
• Urine osmolality is low in
  ক

  Diabetes insipidus

  খ

  Psychogenic polydipsia

  গ

  Diabetes Mellitus

  ঘ

  High fever

  ঙ

  Dehydration
• Osmolarity of plasma
  ক

  Depends on electrolytes

  খ

  Is about 300 mosmol/L

  গ

  Measured by osmometer

  ঘ

  Depends on lipids

  ঙ

  Is about 28 mm Hg
• The following conditions are associated with hypotonic hypervolemia:
  ক

  Cirrhosis of liver

  খ

  Protein losing enteropathies

  গ

  Kwashiorkor

  ঘ

  Severe burn

  ঙ

  Diuretics abuse
• Laboratory findings of hypovolumia include:
  ক

  Elevated haematocrit

  খ

  Urinary Na usually >20 meq/L

  গ

  High specific gravity

  ঘ

  Elevated plasma albumin

  ঙ

  Low urinary osmolarity
• Polyuria is commonly seen in
  ক

  Hypercalcaemia

  খ

  Glycosuria

  গ

  Hypokalemia

  ঘ

  Hyperkalemia

  ঙ

  Renal infarction
• The following conditions are associated with hypertonic hypovolemia
  ক

  ) Severe diarrhoea

  খ

  Persistent vomiting

  গ

  Conn's syndrome

  ঘ

  Congestive cardiac failure

  ঙ

  Nephrotic syndrome
• In a person deprived of water for 24-hours, there is an increased in
  ক

  Plasma renin activity

  খ

  ADH secretion

  গ

  Plasma Na+ concentration

  ঘ

  Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide

  ঙ

  Vagal tone
• Effects of ECF volume depletion are
  ক

  Activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system

  খ

  Increased ADH secretion

  গ

  Decreased atrial natriuretic peptide level

  ঘ

  Increased GFR

  ঙ

  Decreased aldosterone level
• Features of hypertonic hypovolemia are
  ক

  Sodium concentration of lost fluid is less than that of plasma

  খ

  Relatively more water loss than salt

  গ

  Decrease of total sodium content of the body

  ঘ

  Decreased osmolarity in both ICF and ECF

  ঙ

  Decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume
• Drinking of 2 litres of isotonic saline results in
  ক

  Decrease in ADH secretion

  খ

  Dilatation of afferent arteriole

  গ

  Release of ANP

  ঘ

  Increase in aldosterone secretion

  ঙ

  Decrease in heart rate
• Severe hypotonicity of ECF compared to ICF may lead to
  ক

  Cellular overhydration

  খ

  Cerebral oedema

  গ

  Coma and convulsion

  ঘ

  Cellular dehydration

  ঙ

  Hyperkalemia
• Compared with intracellular fluid, extra-cellular fluid has
  ক

  A lower hydrogen ion concentration

  খ

  A lower potassium ion concentration

  গ

  A greater osmolarity

  ঘ

  A higher protein concentration

  ঙ

  A lower chloride ion concentration
• Extra cellular fluid differs from intra cellular fluid in that its
  ক

  PH is higher

  খ

  Sodium potassium molar ratio is higher

  গ

  Anions are mainly inorganic

  ঘ

  Tonicity is lower

  ঙ

  Volume is greater
• Compared to the composition of intracellular fluid, the extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of
  ক

  Na+

  খ

  Cl-

  গ

  Non diffusible cations

  ঘ

  K+

  ঙ

  Non diffusible anions
• On both sides of a selectively permeable membrane, Gibbs-Donnan effect leads to
  ক

  Equal concentration ratio of diffusible ion

  খ

  Electrical potential difference

  গ

  Equal concentration of non diffusible ions

  ঘ

  Equal concentration of diffusible ions

  ঙ

  Osmotic gradient
• Regarding body fluid
  ক

  Aldosterone regulates the concentration of body fluid

  খ

  ADH regulates the volume of body of body fluid

  গ

  Body fluid volume changes determine the state of hydration

  ঘ

  Osmolar changes determine the type of hydration

  ঙ

  Total body water can be measured by deuterium oxide
• Regarding body fluid compartment
  ক

  Total amount of body water in adult is 42 liters

  খ

  Crystalloid solutions rapidly equilibrate extra and intracellular space

  গ

  Colloids are high molecular weight substances as blood albumin.

  ঘ

  Extracellular fluid volume is greater than intracellular fluid volume

  ঙ

  Tonicity of extracellular fluid is greater than intracellular fluid
• Compared with intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid has a lower
  ক

  Potassium ion concentration

  খ

  Hydrogen ion concentration

  গ

  Osmotic strength

  ঘ

  Sodium ion concentration

  ঙ

  Chloride ion concentration