ap pscyhology MCQ

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• According to evolutionary psychologists, in making a decision to help in life-or-death situations, most people will choose to help
  ক

  cousins sooner than siblings

  খ

  ill people rather than healthy people

  গ

  poor people rather than wealthy people

  ঘ

  close friends rather than close relatives

  ঙ

  sisters in their 20s rather than mothers in their 50s
• The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
  ক

  is meant to be used by psychiatrists, but not psychologists

  খ

  describes the causes of a variety of mental disorders

  গ

  explains why homosexuality should be considered a mental disorder

  ঘ

  contains case illustrations to help diagnosticians identify a client’s disorder

  ঙ

  defines categories of mental disorders in terms of symptoms
• The Rorschach inkblot test is
  ক

  a personality inventory

  খ

  used to fingerprint suspects

  গ

  an aptitude test

  ঘ

  an achievement test

  ঙ

  a projective personality test
• Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?
  ক

  dieting to become healthier

  খ

  going for a run because it relaxes you

  গ

  volunteering at the shelter to help others

  ঘ

  learning a new language because you find it interesting

  ঙ

  improving your golf score to earn more money while on tour
• Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience best characterize
  ক

  the two-factor theory

  খ

  motives

  গ

  incentives

  ঘ

  drives

  ঙ

  emotions
• Rather than taking the time to check the dictionary, Vinny used "i before e, except after c" to decide the spelling of "niether" (sic). To solve his spelling problem, Vinny applied
  ক

  Weber’s law

  খ

  an algorithm

  গ

  the law of effect

  ঘ

  the misinformation effect

  ঙ

  a heuristic
• The greatest degree of resistance to extinction is typically found in which type of reinforcement schedule?
  ক

  normative

  খ

  fixed ratio

  গ

  variable ratio

  ঘ

  fixed interval

  ঙ

  variable interval
• The part of the brain most closely associated with regulation of hunger, thirst, and body temperature is the
  ক

  left frontal lobe

  খ

  right frontal lobe

  গ

  amygdala

  ঘ

  cerebellum

  ঙ

  hypothalamus
• Which of the following technologies enables psychologists to visualize brain function?
  ক

  EEG and EKG

  খ

  CAT and MRI

  গ

  EKG and PET

  ঘ

  PET and CAT

  ঙ

  fMRI and PET
• Major ethical concern(s) of psychological researchers include
  ক

  I only

  খ

  II only

  গ

  III only

  ঘ

  I and II only

  ঙ

  I, II, and III
• Which of the following is not a basic somatosensation?
  ক

  pain

  খ

  touch

  গ

  cold

  ঘ

  warmth

  ঙ

  itch
• Aisha is a beautiful, black teenager. If she is typical, she most likely believes that
  ক

  white teenagers are superior to black teenagers

  খ

  Asian teenagers are superior to black teenagers

  গ

  Hispanic teenagers are superior to black teenagers

  ঘ

  Hispanic teenagers are superior to Asian teenagers

  ঙ

  black teenagers are superior to white teenagers
• According to the Gestalt organizing principles of perception, when you look at, "i n car n a t e," you tend to notice the word car rather than in, nate, at, or ate, because of
  ক

  continuity

  খ

  the phi phenomenon

  গ

  similarity

  ঘ

  figure-ground

  ঙ

  proximity
• Which of the following is caused by a teratogen?
  ক

  Tay-Sachs disease

  খ

  Klinefelter's syndrome

  গ

  Turner's syndrome

  ঘ

  Down syndrome

  ঙ

  Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Which of the following is a hallucination?
  ক

  thinking you are President of the United States

  খ

  being sure that your boss is out to get you

  গ

  thinking this is 2010

  ঘ

  feeling extraordinarily happy and agitated one moment, then extraordinarily depressed the next

  ঙ

  hearing voices that are not actually there
• The more difference shown by the behavior of identical twins raised apart, the more the differences in their behavior can be attributed to their
  ক

  heritability

  খ

  genetic traits

  গ

  mutations

  ঘ

  coincidence

  ঙ

  environments
• Which schedule of reinforcement is followed by Soledad, who answers every e-mail message her friend sends?
  ক

  fixed ratio

  খ

  fixed interval

  গ

  variable ratio

  ঘ

  variable interval

  ঙ

  continuous
• A recent comparison of the intelligence scores of Asian Americans and African Americans on the Stanford-Binet showed that
  ক

  I only

  খ

  II only

  গ

  III only

  ঘ

  I and II only

  ঙ

  I, II, and III
• Although Jen is a very bright four-year-old, she doesn't think her mother's sister has any sisters. This lack of understanding reflects
  ক

  conservation

  খ

  introspection

  গ

  transposition

  ঘ

  magical thinking

  ঙ

  egocentrism
• Loss of the ability to understand language results from loss of tissue in which of the following lobes?
  ক

  right frontal

  খ

  right temporal

  গ

  right parietal

  ঘ

  left frontal

  ঙ

  left temporal
• Which of the following LEAST influences sexual behavior?
  ক

  hypothalamus

  খ

  pituitary

  গ

  gonads

  ঘ

  cerebral cortex

  ঙ

  reticular formation
• The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of
  ক

  depression

  খ

  anxiety disorders

  গ

  neurotransmitters

  ঘ

  genetic abnormalities

  ঙ

  social circumstances
• Which of the following contributes most directly to people's exaggerated perceptions of the likelihood of air travel disasters, nuclear power accidents, and terrorist violence?
  ক

  belief perseverance

  খ

  the framing effect

  গ

  overconfidence

  ঘ

  the representativeness heuristic

  ঙ

  the availability heuristic
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) published by the American Psychiatric Association provides information about all of the following EXCEPT
  ক

  names of mental disorders

  খ

  categorization of all mental disorders

  গ

  primary symptoms of all mental disorders

  ঘ

  secondary symptoms of all mental disorders

  ঙ

  causes of all mental disorders
• Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between reliability and validity?
  ক

  Reliability and validity are mutually exclusive: a test can be reliable or valid, but it can't be both.

  খ

  If a test is reliable, then it is valid, but if a test is not reliable, it cannot be valid.

  গ

  Validity is a concept related to achievement tests, and reliability is the corresponding concept related to aptitude tests.

  ঘ

  A test can be valid but not reliable.

  ঙ

  A test can be reliable but not valid.
• Which of the following is the best summary of Stanley Schacter's two-factor theory of emotion?
  ক

  An external event causes us to experience a specific emotion, and this emotion triggers certain physiological changes to occur.

  খ

  When our body responds to an external event, our brain interprets the biological changes as a specific emotion.

  গ

  Each person follows a predictable pattern of changes in response to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

  ঘ

  Perceived control over life events reduces stress, which in turn cause specific emotions.

  ঙ

  A combination of psychological changes and our cognitive interpretations combine to produce our emotional experiences.
• What is the major difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
  ক

  Punishments are used with nonhuman animals, and negative reinforcements are used with humans.

  খ

  Negative reinforcements are used in classical conditioning, and punishments are used in operant conditioning.

  গ

  Punishments are primarily used when training an organism to perform a behavior and negative reinforcements are used to train an organism to stop performing a behavior.

  ঘ

  Negative reinforcements are more effective than punishments but take longer to use.

  ঙ

  Punishments decrease the frequency of a behavior and negative reinforcements increase the frequency of a behavior.
• Which of the following is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory?
  ক

  Freud's research was based mainly on students in his classes and wasn't representative.

  খ

  The theory was focused on the psychologically healthy and did not apply well to people with psychological disorders.

  গ

  Personality is too complex to be studied using the scientific experiments Freud used.

  ঘ

  Genetics theory was not advanced enough in Freud's time to be used as he tried to.

  ঙ

  The evidence for Freud's method was based only on his therapy sessions and was not tested scientifically.
• Why might a researcher use a variable ratio of reinforcement rather than a fixed ratio?
  ক

  Fixed ratio schedules of reinforcements are more time intensive.

  খ

  Variable ratio schedules of reinforcements produce results more quickly.

  গ

  Variable ratio schedules of reinforcements avoid problems such as generalization and the Premack principle.

  ঘ

  Variable ratio schedules of reinforcements allow researchers to use both classical and operant conditioning.

  ঙ

  Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement are more resistant to extinction than fixed schedules.
• An artist doing a pencil drawing could use which of the following techniques to add depth to her or his drawing?
  ক

  retinal disparity

  খ

  convergence

  গ

  closure

  ঘ

  olfaction

  ঙ

  linear perspective