ap biology MCQ

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• What could explain the appearance of one bacterial colony (instead of zero colonies) for result III?
  ক

  Only the treated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  খ

  Some untreated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  গ

  Both normal and treated bacteria are able to grow in the absence of tetracycline.

  ঘ

  Not all treated bacteria absorbed the recombinant plasmid.
• Why is the number of colonies on the tetracycline agar for the treated bacteria limited to instead of showing numerous colonies?
  ক

  Only the treated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  খ

  Some untreated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  গ

  Both normal and treated bacteria are able to grow in the absence of tetracycline.

  ঘ

  Not all treated bacteria absorbed the recombinant plasmid.
• What does a comparison of results III and IV indicate?
  ক

  Only the treated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  খ

  Some untreated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  গ

  Both normal and treated bacteria are able to grow in the absence of tetracycline.

  ঘ

  Not all treated bacteria absorbed the recombinant plasmid.
• What does a comparison of results I and II indicate?
  ক

  Only the treated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  খ

  Some untreated bacteria are resistant to tetracycline.

  গ

  Both normal and treated bacteria are able to grow in the absence of tetracycline.

  ঘ

  Not all treated bacteria absorbed the recombinant plasmid.
• What can you conclude from the results of the ?statistical analysis?
  ক

  Accept the null hypothesis.

  খ

  Reject the null hypothesis.

  গ

  Conclude that the inheritance of this gene is not X-linked.

  ঘ

  Conclude that the mixing of genes was not random.
• How many degrees of freedom (df) are there for this experiment?
  ক

  1

  খ

  2

  গ

  3

  ঘ

  4 or more
• An experimental cross produced the results shown in the following table.
  ক

  between 0 and 1.99

  খ

  between 2.0 and 3.99

  গ

  between 4.0 and 5.99

  ঘ

  6.0 or greater
• What are the expected phenotypic results for this cross with respect to eye color and sex?
  ক

  2:1:1:1

  খ

  1:1:1:1

  গ

  2:1:2:1

  ঘ

  0:2:0:2
• Which of the following is most likely to promote the formation of two species in which only one species existed before?
  ক

  the separation of the population into two reproductively isolated groups

  খ

  a mutation in one individual that provides an advantage over other individuals

  গ

  a catastrophic event that reduces the population size to 50 individuals

  ঘ

  the introduction of a disease to which many individuals are susceptible
• Which successional stage would contain the greatest abundance of hardwood trees?
  ক

  A

  খ

  B

  গ

  C

  ঘ

  D
• Which successional stage would contain the greatest abundance of plants with an r-selected life history?
  ক

  A

  খ

  B

  গ

  C

  ঘ

  D
• At what wavelength of light is the rate of photosynthesis greatest?
  ক

  450 nm

  খ

  500 nm

  গ

  550 nm

  ঘ

  650 nm
• Which of the pigments absorbs the most light energy at the longest wavelength?
  ক

  ? carotene

  খ

  lutein

  গ

  chlorophyll a

  ঘ

  chlorophyll b
• Which of the following describes the activity after the potato is immersed into the water?
  ক

  Water moves from the potato into the surrounding water.

  খ

  Water moves from the surrounding water into the potato.

  গ

  Potato cells plasmolyze.

  ঘ

  Solutes in the water move into the potato.
• Which of the following describes the initial condition when the potato enters the water?
  ক

  The water potential of the pure water is negative.

  খ

  The water potential of the pure water is positive.

  গ

  The water potential of the potato is positive.

  ঘ

  The water potential of the potato is negative.
• Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the data presented in the graph?
  ক

  More oxygen is released by hemoglobin in tissues where respiration is high.

  খ

  Less oxygen is released by hemoglobin in tissues where respiration is high.

  গ

  Respiration is higher in tissues where pH is higher than normal.

  ঘ

  Respiration is lower in tissues where pH is lower than normal.
• According to the graph, which of the following correctly describes the activity of hemoglobin in a higher than normal acid environment?
  ক

  Hemoglobin is unable to release oxygen.

  খ

  Hemoglobin releases less oxygen to the tissues.

  গ

  Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is higher.

  ঘ

  Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is lower.
• According to the graph, which of the following is correct?
  ক

  Hemoglobin saturation increases as increases.

  খ

  Blood pH decreases as increases.

  গ

  Hemoglobin saturation increases as blood pH decreases.

  ঘ

  Blood pH has no effect on oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.
• Which of the following best summarizes the process of allopatric speciation?
  ক

  differential changes in allele frequencies ? reproductive isolation ? reproductive barriers ? new species

  খ

  catastrophic event ? reproductive isolation ? reproductive barriers ? new species

  গ

  reproductive isolation ? differential changes in allele frequencies ? reproductive barriers ? new species

  ঘ

  geographic isolation ? reproductive isolation ? differential changes in allele frequencies ? reproductive barriers ? new species
• Phases of mitosis in a randomly dividing section of a root tip were observed through a microscope in the following numbers:
  ক

  DNA replication occurs during interphase.

  খ

  Interphase takes longer than all other phases combined.

  গ

  Prophase consumes 10% of the time required to complete a cell cycle.

  ঘ

  Metaphase consumes the least amount of time during the cell cycle.
• Which of the following would most likely describe the fate of a vesicle formed as a result of phagocytosis?
  ক

  The vesicle merges with a mitochondrion.

  খ

  The vesicle merges with a lysosome.

  গ

  The vesicle is shuttled to the nucleus, and its contents become part of the nucleolus.

  ঘ

  The vesicle releases its contents to the cytoplasm to be digested.
• Which of the following best supports the data presented in the graph above?
  ক

  Disease was responsible for the change in population size between 18 and 30 months.

  খ

  Competition was responsible for the change in population size between 18 and 30 months.

  গ

  The carrying capacity of the environment for this population is 1,200 individuals.

  ঘ

  The rate of growth is zero at 18 months and 30 months.
• In reference to a segment of DNA, which of the following molecules contains the fewest number of nucleotides?
  ক

  a single strand of the original DNA segment

  খ

  a single strand of the original DNA segment after a point mutation

  গ

  the primary RNA transcript (before splicing) from the original DNA

  ঘ

  a single strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from the original DNA
• Which of the following is true with respect to the availability of electrons from other steps of the Krebs cycle?
  ক

  No other steps of the Krebs cycle are involved in the reduction of electron acceptors.

  খ

  Electrons from other steps could also reduce DPIP, but the substrates for these steps are consumed before succinate is added.

  গ

  FAD is the only electron acceptor for the Krebs cycle.

  ঘ

  NAD+ is the only electron acceptor for the Krebs cycle.
• The results of the experiment indicate that the respiratory rate increases as
  ক

  the concentration of substrate increases

  খ

  the concentration of DPIP increases

  গ

  the concentration of enzyme increases

  ঘ

  the time increases
• All of the following support the endosymbiotic theory that ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent, free-living prokaryotes EXCEPT:
  ক

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide independently of the eukaryotic host cell by a process similar to binary fission.

  খ

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes that more closely resemble those of bacteria than of eukaryotic cells.

  গ

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts function independently from the eukaryotic host cell.

  ঘ

  Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria have a single, circular chromosome without histones or proteins.
• Which of the changes below following the start codon in an mRNA would most likely have the greatest deleterious effect?
  ক

  a deletion of a single nucleotide

  খ

  a deletion of a nucleotide triplet

  গ

  a single nucleotide substitution of the nucleotide occupying the first codon position

  ঘ

  a single nucleotide substitution of the nucleotide occupying the third codon position
• Question below refers to the following ecological pyramid.
  ক

  The lowest trophic level represents decomposers.

  খ

  The lowest trophic level represents carnivorous plants.

  গ

  The lowest trophic level represents a single tree in a forest.

  ঘ

  The pyramid represents the ecological state of an early successional stage.
• All of the following must remain unchanged during data collection EXCEPT:
  ক

  atmospheric pressure

  খ

  the volume of the animal chamber

  গ

  the amount of CO2 in the animal chamber

  ঘ

  the amount of oxygen in the animal chamber
• The data in the graph above are consistent with which of the following conclusions?
  ক

  As time progresses, respiration rate increases in hamsters.

  খ

  The rate of respiration for hamsters increases with increases in environmental temperature.

  গ

  Temperature increases with increases in the weights of hamsters.

  ঘ

  The larger the hamster, the greater its rate of respiration.