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Extended heat transfer surface like fins are used to increase the heat transfer rate. Fin efficiency is defined as the ratio of heat transferred across the fin surface to the theoretical heat transfer across an equal area held at the
The scales form in heat exchanges after a period of operation and provide additional resistance to heat transfer with some heat transfer coefficient . The reciprocal of this scale heat transfer coefficient is called .
The rate of heat transfer is a product of overall heat transfer co-efficient, the difference in temperature and the
For shell and tube heat exchanger, with increasing heat transfer area, the purchased cost per unit heat transfer area
The term "cooling range" in a cooling tower refers to the difference in the temperature of
The ratio of the temperature rise of cooling water to the vacuum temperature minus inlet cooling water temperature is called
The heat flux in the nucleate boiling regimes is proportional to (where, ΔT = excess temperature)
Stress may be expressed in Newtons
The initial tension (in newtons) in a bolt used for making a fluid tight joint like steam engine cover joints, is calculated by the relation (where d = Nominal diameter of bolt in mm)
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is