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Which one of the following soils is found in areas with heavy rainfall, high humidity & large quantity of organic matter?

Which one of the following soils is found in areas with heavy rainfall, high humidity & large quantity of organic matter? Correct Answer Peat soil

The correct answer is Peat soil.

  • Peat soil is found in areas with heavy rainfall, high humidity & a large quantity of organic matter.

Key Points

  • Peaty soil
    • They are found in areas of heavy rainfall and high humidity, where there is a good growth of vegetation.
    • A large quantity of dead organic matter accumulates in these areas, and this gives rich humus and organic content to the soil.
    • Organic matter in these soils may go even up to 40-50 percent.
    • These soils are normally heavy and black in colour.
    • It occurs widely in the northern part of Bihar, the southern part of Uttarakhand and the coastal areas of West Bengal, Orissa and Tamil Nadu.

Additional Information

  • Forest Soils
    • The forest soils are formed in the forest areas where sufficient rainfall is available.
    • The soils vary in structure and texture depending on the mountain environment where they are formed.
      • They are loamy and silty on valley sides and coarse-grained in the upper slopes.
      • In the snow-bound areas of the Himalayas, they experience denudation and are acidic with low humus content.
      • The soils found in the lower valleys are fertile.
  • Laterite Soil
    • Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘Later’ which means brick.
    • The laterite soils develop in areas with high temperatures and high rainfall.
    • These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains.
    • With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminum compounds are left behind.
    • These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate and calcium, while iron oxide and potash are in excess.
    • Hence, laterites are not suitable for cultivation.
      • However, the application of manures and fertilizers are required for making the soils fertile for cultivation.
    • Laterite soils are widely cut as bricks for use in house construction.
    • The laterite soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.
  • Black Soil
    • These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’.
    • The black soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
    • They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. 
    • So, during the dry season, this soil develops wide cracks. Thus, there occurs a kind of ‘Self Ploughing’.
    • Because of this character of slow absorption and loss of moisture, the black soil retains the moisture for a very long time, which helps the crops, especially, the rain-fed ones, to sustain even during the dry season.
    • The black soils are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. They also contain potash.
    • They lack phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter.
    • The colour of the soil ranges from deep black to grey.
    • Black soil covers most of the Deccan Plateau which includes parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Tamil Nadu.

Related Questions

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