Atomic Transactions MCQ

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• Which of the following concurrency control protocols ensure both conflict serializability and freedom from deadlock? I) 2-phase locking II) Timestamp ordering
  ক

  I only

  খ

  II only

  গ

  Both I and II

  ঘ

  Neither I nor II
• The shrinking phase is a phase in which?
  ক

  A transaction may obtain locks, but does not release any

  খ

  A transaction may obtain locks, and releases a few or all of them

  গ

  A transaction may release locks, but does not obtain any new locks

  ঘ

  A transaction may release locks, and does obtain new locks
• The growing phase is a phase in which?
  ক

  A transaction may obtain locks, but does not release any

  খ

  A transaction may obtain locks, and releases a few or all of them

  গ

  A transaction may release locks, but does not obtain any new locks

  ঘ

  A transaction may release locks, and does obtain new locks
• The two phase locking protocol consists of ____________
  ক

  growing & shrinking phase

  খ

  shrinking & creation phase

  গ

  creation & growing phase

  ঘ

  destruction & creation phase
• A locking protocol is one that ____________
  ক

  governs how locks are acquired

  খ

  governs how locks are released

  গ

  governs how locks are acquired and released

  ঘ

  none of the mentioned
• Serializable schedules are ones where ____________
  ক

  concurrent execution of transactions is equivalent to the transactions executed serially

  খ

  the transactions can be carried out one after the other

  গ

  a valid result occurs after execution transactions

  ঘ

  none of the mentioned
• Consider a transaction T1 that committed prior to checkpoint. The <T1 commits> record appears in the log before the <checkpoint> record. Any modifications made by T1 must have been written to the stable storage either with the checkpoint or prior to it. Thus at recovery time ____________
  ক

  There is a need to perform an undo operation on T1

  খ

  There is a need to perform a redo operation on T1

  গ

  There is no need to perform an undo and redo operation on T1

  ঘ

  All of the mentioned
• The undo and redo operations must be _________ to guarantee correct behaviour, even if a failure occurs during recovery process.
  ক

  idempotent

  খ

  easy

  গ

  protected

  ঘ

  all of the mentioned
• An actual update is not allowed to a data item ____________
  ক

  before the corresponding log record is written out to stable storage

  খ

  after the corresponding log record is written out to stable storage

  গ

  until the whole log record has been checked for inconsistencies

  ঘ

  all of the mentioned
• In the write ahead logging a _____________ is maintained.
  ক

  a memory

  খ

  a system

  গ

  a disk

  ঘ

  a log record
• Write ahead logging is a way ____________
  ক

  to ensure atomicity

  খ

  to keep data consistent

  গ

  that records data on stable storage

  ঘ

  all of the mentioned
• The state of the data accessed by an aborted transaction must be restored to what it was just before the transaction started executing. This restoration is known as ________ of transaction.
  ক

  safety

  খ

  protection

  গ

  roll – back

  ঘ

  revert – back
• A terminated transaction that has completed its execution successfully is ____________ otherwise it is __________
  ক

  committed, destroyed

  খ

  aborted, destroyed

  গ

  committed, aborted

  ঘ

  none of the mentioned
• A collection of instructions that performs a single logical function is called ____________
  ক

  transaction

  খ

  operation

  গ

  function

  ঘ

  all of the mentioned