Medical Post Graduation | Physiology

Red blood cells remain separated from each other in the circulating blood by

ক

Constant movement of RBC

খ

Negative electrostatic charge of RBC membrane

গ

Attraction of vascular endothelium

ঘ

Distraction of protein Band 3

ঙ

Its biconcave shape

Cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells are

ক

Langerhans cell

খ

Osteoclast

গ

Chondroblast

ঘ

Fibroblast

ঙ

Osteoblast

The plasma of a normal adult

ক

Contains about 140 mmol of Na+

খ

Contain xanthine and hypoxanthine

গ

Is about 60% water

ঘ

Accounts for 10% of body weight

ঙ

Contains 8 mmol/L of K+

Viscosity of blood rises in

ক

Acidosis

খ

Cyanosis

গ

Jaundice

ঘ

Anaemia

ঙ

Oedema

Stem cells

ক

Are characterized by prolonged self-renewal

খ

Have the capacity to differentiate into specialized cells

গ

Have role in tissue repair

ঘ

Do not have any role in tissue homeostasis

ঙ

In adults are pluripotent

Indications of bone marrow aspiration are

ক

Kala azar

খ

Gaucherâs disease (Bone marry & liver biops

গ

Phenylketonuria

ঘ

Galactosemia

ঙ

Addisonâs disease

The following conditions give rise to increased mean cell volume of RBC

ক

Pernicious anaemia

খ

Anaemia of chronic disease

গ

Anaemia due to renal failure

ঘ

Haemolytic anaemia

ঙ

Thaiassaemia

RBC remain separate from each other in the circulating blood due to the repulsive force caused by

ক

Constant movement of RBCs

খ

Negative electrostatic charge imparted by sialic acid of RBC membrane

গ

Attraction of vascular endothelium

ঘ

Distraction of band 3 protein

ঙ

Biconcave shape of RBC

The catabolism of hemoglobin

ক

Involves oxidative cleavage of the porphyrin ring

খ

Results in the liberation of carbon monoxide

গ

Occurs in red blood cells

ঘ

Results in the formation of protoporphyrinogen

ঙ

Is the sole source of bilirubin

Anemia in chronic kidney disease is due to

ক

hropoietin.

খ

Increased blood loss

গ

Toxic effects of uremia on marrow precursor cells

ঘ

Decreased life span of red blood cell

ঙ

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Red cell substitutes are

ক

Modified hemoglobin solution

খ

Micro encapsulated hemoglobin

গ

Perfluoro chemicals

ঘ

Fresh frozen red cell

ঙ

Cryoprecipitate

The haematocrit packed cell volume

ক

May be obtained by centrifugation of blood

খ

May be calculated by multiplying the mean cell volume by the red cell count

গ

Rises in a patient who sustains widespread burns

ঘ

Rises following injections of aldosterone

ঙ

Rises in macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia such as pernicious (B12 deficiencanaemia

Sites of erythropoietin production are

ক

Kidney

খ

Liver

গ

Pancreas

ঘ

Bone marrow

ঙ

Intestine

Erythropoietin is produced by

ক

Liver

খ

Kidney

গ

Spleen

ঘ

Thyroid

ঙ

Heart

Essential hormones for erythropoiesis are

ক

Testosterone

খ

Thyroxine

গ

Thyroid stimulating hormone

ঘ

Oestrogen

ঙ

Prolactin

Medical Post Graduation | Physiology | Blood