Medical Post Graduation | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy

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Questions

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems act as physiological antagonists in following organs

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Urinary bladder

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Airways

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Cilliary muscles

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Heart

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Blood vessels

Multipolar neurons are found in the

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Motor cells of the spinal cord

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Peripheral nerves

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Posterior root ganglia

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Vestibular ganglia

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Retina

The blood-brain barrier

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Is formed by the tight junctions

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Provides support to the brain tissue

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Regulates the intracellular environment of the central nervous system

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Uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord.

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Is formed by the oligodendrocytes

Blood brain barrier is formed by

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Astrocyte

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Endothelial cells

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Oligodendrocyte

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Ependymal layer

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Neuron

The middle meningeal artery

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Is a branch of external carotid artery

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Enters the skull through the foramen rotundum

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Anastomoses with the ophthalmic artery

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Lies deep to the region of the pterion

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Supplies 25% of the temporal lobe of the brain

Nerve fibres that supply skeletal muscle are axons of neurons located in

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Ventral gray column of the spinal cord

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Somatic efferent nuclei of cranial nerves

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Dorsal nerve root ganglia

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Branchial efferent nuclei of cranial nerve

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Intermediolateral gray column of the spinal cord

About autonomic nervous system

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Postganglionic neurons are largely unmyelinated

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All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic

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Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system are shorter than the para sympathetic system

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Parasympathetic outflow is only found in the cranial nerves

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Sympathetic preganglionic neurons leave spinal cord via dorsal roots of spinal nerves T1-L3

Gray matter contains

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Myelinated axons

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Protoplasmic astrocyte

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Neuronal cell bodies

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Oligodendrocytes

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Lymph vessels

Damage to the sympathetic nerves from the thoracolumbar outflow T11 to L2 will disturb the function-

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Detrusor muscle

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Bladder neck

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Trigone

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Seminal vesicles

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External sphincter

Lower motor neuron lesions are characterized by

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Flaccidity

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Loss of tendon reflexes

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Wasting

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Spasticity

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Increased tendon reflexes

Pyramidal cells are found in

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Frontal cortex

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Occipital cortex

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Hippocampus

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Parietal cortex

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Cerebeller cortex

The following statements are correct regarding neuroglial cells

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Glial cells may provide nutritional support to neurons

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Microglia increase in number at the sites of damage to the neurons

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They are directly involved in information processing of the nervous system

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Astrocytes and oligodendroglia both possess few processes

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Each glial cell produces the myelin sheath over only a short part of an axon

The neuroglia

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Are more numerous than neurons

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Are non-excitable cell

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Take active part in ionic transport

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Developed from mesoderm

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Do not undergo mitotic division

Pineal gland

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Is directly inferior to the splenium of the corpus callosum

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Receives blood supply from the posterior choroidal arteries

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Usually calcified in aging process

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Lies between the inferior colliculi

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Lies within 3 mm of the midline

Cauda equina syndrome in characterized by

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Feacal incontinence

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Bladder dysfunction

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Leg weakness

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Saddle anaesthesia

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Hyper-reflex

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