Nobokin
Nobokin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Nobokin is a brand name. Its generic name is Sorafenib.
Nobokin
Nobokin is an oral small molecule inhibitor of the multi-kinase inhibitor used to treat different cancers, most notably unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. It has also been used in the treatment of other cancers, such as renal and thyroid carcinoma, and in some cases of leukemia, although not officially approved.
Uses For
Nobokin is primarily used for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in adults and is also used to treat renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), advanced primary thyroid carcinoma, and certain types of leukemia.
Mechanism of Action
Nobokin targets a number of different kinases, including Raf kinase, which is linked to several oncogenic pathways, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth. It also works by inhibiting angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels, which is essential for tumor growth. It thus deprives tumor cells of vital resources, thereby preventing their growth and spread.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
On average, it takes around two weeks of continuous use for the drug to start showing its effect. However, it may take longer in some cases.
Absorption
Nobokin is rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral administration with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. The absolute oral bioavailability is 70%.
Route of Elimination
Nobokin is mainly metabolized in the liver by the liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 enzyme system. The metabolites are then eliminated via the bile and fecal route.
Dosage
The recommended dose of Nobokin is a 400mg tablet twice daily taken with a meal and with a full glass of water. The dose should be adjusted depending on the patient’s age, weight, kidney function and other co-medications they are taking. It is important to note that the dose of Nobokin needs to be taken exactly as per the prescription.
Administration
Nobokin should be taken orally with a meal and a full glass of water. It should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice as it can increase the levels of Nobokin in the body. It should also be taken at least one hour before or one hour after taking antacids or multivitamins.
Side Effect
Common side effects with Nobokin include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Skin rash
- Fatigue
- Hair loss
- Mouth sores
- Anemia
- Low white blood cell count
- Low platelet count
- Muscle pain
- Joint pain
- Decreased vision
- Heart failure
Toxicity
Nobokin is considered to be a relatively safe drug, although serious toxicity has been observed. Signs of serious toxicity include severe skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, low white blood cell count, and signs of liver damage, such as yellowing of the eyes and skin or pain in the upper right part of the stomach.
Precaution
Before taking sorafenib, patients should tell their doctor if they:
- have heart problems or high blood pressure
- have kidney or liver problems
- are pregnant, or are planning to become pregnant
- are breastfeeding
- have any allergies
- have any other medical conditions
Interaction
Nobokin should not be combined with certain drugs due to potential interactions, such as:
- CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as erythromycin, ketoconazole and itraconazole
- CYP3A4 inducers, such as rifampicin and phenytoin
- Coumarin anticoagulants, such as warfarin
Disease Interaction
Nobokin should not be used in patients with certain conditions, including:
- Porphyria
- Heart failure
- Kidney stones
- Pulmonary embolism
- Hypothyroidism
- Anemia
Drug Interaction
Nobokin may interact with some medications, including:
- Anti-seizure medications
- Antidepressants
- Calcium channel blockers
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Diuretics
Food Interactions
Nobokin should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice as it can increase the levels of Nobokin in the body.
Pregnancy Use
Nobokin should be avoided in pregnant women due to potential teratogenic effects.
Lactation Use
Nobokin should be avoided in nursing mothers due to potential adverse effects on nursing infants.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms of acute overdose may include hypotension, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In such cases, treatment should be supportive and medications should be stopped.
Contraindication
Nobokin is contraindicated in patients with a history of allergies to sorafenib or to its ingredients. It should also not be used in patients suffering from severe kidney or liver problems, porphyria and patients with a history of pulmonary embolism. It is also contraindicated in pregnant and nursing women.
Use Direction
Nobokin should be taken as prescribed by the physician and any dose changes should only be made after consulting a doctor. It should be taken with a full glass of water and a meal. It should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice. It should be taken at least one hour before or one hour after taking antacids or multivitamins.
Storage Condition
Nobokin tablets should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and moisture. The tablets should also be kept at room temperature and away from children and pets.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of sorafenib is approximately 16 L/kg.
Half Life
The half-life of sorafenib is approximately 6 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of sorafenib is approximately 0.53 L/h/kg.
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