Instina

Instina Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Instina is a brand name. Its generic name is Cefpodoxime.

Introduction

Instina (also referred to as cefpodoxime proxetil) is an antibiotic used to treat sinus infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, ENT infections, skin infections, and certain urinary tract infections. The drug belongs to a class of antibiotics called cephalosporins and is produced in oral, and intravenous formats.

Uses

Instina is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections such as sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, and pharyngitis/tonsillitis.

Mechanism of Action

Instina works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to an influx of water and causes the cell wall to rupture, thus killing the bacteria. In addition, the drug has some activity against certain types of fungi, viruses and protozoa.

How Long Does It Take to Work

Instina usually begins to take effect within 1-2 days of administration. However, it may take up to 5-7 days to experience full relief of symptoms.

Absorption, Route of Elimination, Dosage and Administration

Instina is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is eliminated primarily through the kidneys and the excretion rate is slow. The usual adult dosage for oral administration ranges from 200 to 400 mg, taken every 12 hours. Oral suspension formulations are available in 50 and 100 mg/5 mL strengths.

Side Effects

Common side effects of cefpodoxime include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, fatigue, rash, and skin sensitivity. Severe side effects include anaphylaxis, kidney damage, and fainting. Instina can also cause abnormal liver function test results and thrombocytopenia.

Toxicity

Instina is generally well-tolerated. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, rapid heart rate, and rare seizures.

Precautions

Instina should be avoided in patients with history of allergy to cephalosporins. The drug should not be used in patients with impaired kidney or liver function. It should also be used with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Interaction

Instina may interact with other medications such as antacids, warfarin, digoxin, probenecid, and certain drugs for HIV/AIDS, etc. Drugs that interact with cefpodoxime include: paroxetine; phenytoin; ritonavir; certain fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin; and certain anti-seizure drugs such as phenytoin, valproic acid, and carbamazepine.

Disease Interaction

Instina may interact with certain medical conditions such as kidney disease, history of allergic reactions to other cephalosporin antibiotics, and intestinal inflammation due to infection or the use of antibiotics. Instina should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease. It should not be used in patients if there is an existing intestine infection or if the patient has recently been taking antibiotics.

Drug Interaction

Drug interactions may occur when cefpodoxime is taken with other medications such as antacids, warfarin, probenecid, and certain HIV drugs. Instina should not be used together with drugs like paroxetine, phenytoin, ritonavir, certain fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin), certain anti-seizure drugs (phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine), etc. Patients should inform their physicians of any medications they are currently taking before taking cefpodoxime.

Food Interactions

Instina should be taken with a full glass of water. Food can decrease the absorption of cefpodoxime, so the drug should be taken at least 2 hours before or after a meal. Avoid consumption of dairy products, antacids, iron supplements, and vitamins within 2 hours of taking cefpodoxime.

Pregnancy Use

Instina is likely safe to use during pregnancy. However, it is best to consult a doctor before taking cefpodoxime during pregnancy.

Lactation Use

Instina is not known to be harmful when breastfeeding. However, it is best to consult a doctor before taking cefpodoxime while breastfeeding.

Acute Overdose

Acute overdose of cefpodoxime can result in nausea, dizziness, rapid heart rate, and seizures. Seek medical help if overdose is suspected.

Contraindication

Instina is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to cephalosporins.

Dosage Information

The usual adult dosage for oral administration ranges from 200 to 400 mg, taken every 12 hours.

Direction of Use

Instina should be taken orally with a full glass of water. It should be taken with or without food. It should not be taken with dairy products, antacids, iron supplements, or vitamins.

Storage Condition

Instina should be stored in a tight container, away from light and moisture, at room temperature (15-30°C).

Volume of Distribution

Instina has a volume of distribution of 0.3 - 0.5 L/kg.

Half-Life

The average half-life of cefpodoxime is about 2 - 4 hours.

Clearance

The average clearance of cefpodoxime is 50 - 70 mL/min.

Here you find in details version of Instina

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Instina

What is Instina?

Instina is an antibiotic used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It belongs to a class of antibiotics called cephalosporins that work by stopping the growth of bacteria.

What infections does Instina treat?

Instina is used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria, such as lower respiratory tract infections, otitis media (middle ear infections), skin infections, and urinary tract infections.

How does Instina work?

Instina works by attacking the bacteria that cause the infection. It works by interfering with the bacteria’s ability to make cell walls, which results in the death of the bacteria.

Who should take Instina?

Instina should be taken by those who have been prescribed it by a doctor to treat a bacterial infection. It should not be taken by anyone who has an allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics.

How do I take Instina?

Instina should be taken as directed by your doctor. The dosage and length of treatment will depend on the infection being treated. The tablets should be taken with a full glass of water. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember.

What are the possible side effects of taking Instina?

Some common side effects of taking Instina may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or skin rash. Serious side effects include easy bleeding or bruising, yellowing skin or eyes, chest pain, or difficulty breathing. Tell your doctor if you experience any of these side effects.

What if I am allergic to Instina?

If you are allergic to Instina or other cephalosporin antibiotics, do not take this drug. Tell your doctor about any allergies that you have before beginning treatment.

Can I take Instina with other medications?

Before taking Instina, tell your doctor if you are taking any other medications, especially probenecid, sulfamethoxazole, or valproic acid. Some medications may interact with Instina, so it is important to discuss them with your doctor before beginning treatment.

Can Instina be used to treat a viral infection?

No, Instina is not effective for treating viral infections since it only attacks bacterial infections.

What is the recommended dosage for Instina?

The recommended dosage of Instina depends on the infection being treated and on the patient's age and weight. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions when taking Instina.

Can Instina be used during pregnancy?

Instina is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy, but it is always best to consult your doctor before taking any medication during pregnancy.

Can I miss a dose of Instina?

If you miss a dose of Instina, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your normal schedule.

Is Instina safe for children?

Yes, Instina is safe to use in children. However, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions for dosage and duration of treatment.

Does Instina have any interactions with food?

No, Instina does not have any known food interactions.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Instina?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Instina, as it may increase the chance of side effects.

Does Instina cause headaches?

Instina can cause headaches as a side effect in some people. If you experience headaches while taking Instina, contact your doctor.

How long should I take Instina?

Your doctor will determine how long you should take Instina. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for the duration of treatment.

Can Instina affect the liver?

Instina can potentially cause liver damage in rare cases. If you notice any symptoms of liver damage, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, contact your doctor.

What should I do if I develop an allergic reaction to Instina?

If you develop an allergic reaction while taking Instina, stop taking the medication and contact your doctor immediately.

Is Instina available as a generic drug?

Yes, Instina is available as a generic drug.

Does Instina cause drowsiness?

Instina can cause drowsiness as a side effect in some people. If you experience drowsiness while taking Instina, contact your doctor.

Can I take Instina with other antibiotics?

No, Instina should not be taken with other antibiotics since it can lead to increased side effects and altered effectiveness.

Can Instina treat sore throats?

No, Instina is not effective for treating sore throat caused by viral infections.

Can Instina be used to treat bacterial meningitis?

Yes, Instina can be used to treat bacterial meningitis.

Can Instina be used to treat strep throat?

Yes, Instina can be used to treat strep throat.

Is Instina available in other forms such as an oral suspension?

Yes, Instina is also available as an oral suspension.

Can I take Instina for a long period of time?

It is not recommended to take Instina for a long period of time, as it can lead to overgrowth of certain bacteria and lead to antibiotic resistance.

Can I take Instina with ibuprofen?

Yes, Instina can be taken with ibuprofen.

Is it safe to take Instina while breastfeeding?

It is not recommended to take Instina while breastfeeding because it can pass into breast milk and affect the infant. Contact your doctor before taking Instina while breastfeeding.

Can Instina be used to treat ear infections?

Yes, Instina can be used to treat ear infections.

Can Instina treat urinary tract infections?

Yes, Instina can be used to treat urinary tract infections.

Is Instina safe for people with kidney or liver disease?

People with kidney or liver disease should use Instina with caution, as it is broken down by the kidneys and liver. Talk to your doctor before taking Instina if you have kidney or liver disease.

Can Instina make you tired?

Yes, Instina can cause fatigue as a side effect in some people. Talk to your doctor if you experience fatigue while taking Instina.

How often do I need to take Instina?

You should take Instina as directed by your doctor. The frequency of doses will depend on the infection as well as the patient’s age and weight.

What laboratory tests should be done while taking Instina?

Your doctor may recommend certain laboratory tests such as a complete blood count, liver function tests, or kidney function tests while taking Instina.

Can Instina be used in animals such as cats or dogs?

Yes, Instina can be used in cats and dogs, but only under the direction of a veterinarian.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Instina?

If you miss a dose of Instina, take it as soon as possible. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue on your regular schedule.

What can happen if I take an overdose of Instina?

If you take an overdose of Instina, contact your doctor or local poison control center immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, dizziness, or difficulty breathing.

Should I avoid activities that require mental alertness while taking Instina?

Yes, it is best to avoid activities that require mental alertness while taking Instina because it can cause drowsiness and dizziness as side effects.

Can Instina cause nausea and vomiting?

Yes, Instina can cause nausea and vomiting as side effects. Talk to your doctor if you experience nausea and vomiting while taking Instina.