O-Morphon
O-Morphon Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? O-Morphon is a brand name. Its generic name is Oxymorphone.
Introduction
O-Morphon, an opioid analgesic drug, is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from thebaine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid found in the opium poppy plant which is similar to, but stronger than, morphine.
Uses
O-Morphon is used for moderate to severe pain relief in both short-acting and extended-release forms. It is also used in the maintenance treatment of opioid dependence.
Mechanism of Action
O-Morphon primarily acts on mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system, reducing pain signals sent to the brain. It also acts on other receptors such as kappa receptors, leading to a lessening of the overall opioid tolerance.
How Long Does It Take to Work?
The onset of action for immediate-release oxymorphone is approximately 15-20 minutes. The half-life of oxymorphone is about 4–5 hours.
Absorption
O-Morphon is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak effect occurring between 30-60 minutes following oral administration.
Route of Elimination
O-Morphon is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism and is excreted in the urine.
Dosage
The usual dose of oxymorphone for adults is 5 to 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. The dose for elderly patients should be adjusted to half the regular dose.
Administration
O-Morphon should be taken orally or by injection. It is most commonly taken orally in the form of immediate-release tablets, extended release tablets, or oral solution.
Side Effect
The most common side effects associated with oxymorphone include nausea, vomiting, constipation, sedation, dizziness, lightheadedness, and headache.
Toxicity
O-Morphon is toxic in high doses and may lead to life-threatening respiratory depression and death. The LD50 (median lethal dose) in mice is 63 mg/kg.
Precautions
O-Morphon should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, mental illness, and/or personal or family history of substance abuse. Patients should be monitored for signs of respiratory depression.
Interactions
O-Morphon may interact with other medications such as anticoagulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. It may also interact with alcohol and illicit drugs.
Disease Interaction
O-Morphon may interact with certain diseases such as head injury, intoxication, hypoventilation, asthma, coma, and seizures.
Drug Interaction
O-Morphon may interact with certain drugs such as benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and bupropion.
Food Interactions
O-Morphon may interact with certain foods such as high-fat meals, grapefruit, and grapefruit juice.
Pregnancy Use
O-Morphon should be used with caution in pregnant women as its use increases the risk of developing neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
LactationUse
O-Morphon should not be used in nursing mothers as its use can cause serious adverse effects in the infant.
Acute Overdose
An acute overdose of oxymorphone can lead to life-threatening respiratory depression, bradycardia, skeletal muscle flaccidity, unconsciousness, coma, and death.
Contraindication
O-Morphon should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to opioids or oxymorphone or any of its inactive ingredients.
Use Direction
O-Morphon tablets should be taken with a full glass of water. The dose should only be taken when necessary and should not be taken more than every 4-6 hours. If side effects occur, the dose should be adjusted as necessary.
Storage Condition
Store oxymorphone tablets at room temperature, between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C). Keep away from moisture and heat.
Volume of Distribution
O-Morphon has a volume of distribution of 3.7 L/kg.
Half Life
The plasma half-life of oxymorphone is 4-5 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of oxymorphone is 116 mL/min/kg.
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