Nupercainal
Nupercainal Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Nupercainal is a brand name. Its generic name is Cinchocaine.
Cinchonine
Cinchonine is an alkaloid found in plants of the Cinchona genus, especially in their bark. It is a basic salt, soluble in water and ether. It was first isolated by German chemist Ernst Ferdinand Genter in 1820.
Uses
Cinchonine is used as a topical anesthetic for superficial wounds and as an antiarrhythmic drug for some types of irregular heartbeat. It can also be used in veterinary medicine as an antidote for poisoning, and it can be used as a stimulant for the central nervous system, as a tonic, and antispasmodic.
Mechanism of Action
Cinchonine exerts its effects on cells by binding to ligand-gated ion channels in the cell membrane and altering their conformation. This results in an electric current being created that can affect contraction, movement, and mental processes. It can also increase the levels of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, and reduce the levels of others, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Cinchonine typically begins to work within minutes, depending on the dose and route of administration. The effects of cinchonine typically last for a few hours.
Absorption
Cinchonine is readily absorbed and distributed throughout the body when taken orally or when applied topically.
Route of Elimination
Cinchonine is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine and feces.
Dosage
The typical dosage range for cinchonine is 0.1-0.5 mg per kg of body weight. The dosage should be adjusted according to the patient's age, weight, and underlying medical condition. It is recommended that cinchonine be taken with food or a full glass of water to reduce side effects.
Administration
Cinchonine can be administered orally, intramuscularly or topically. For oral administration, the tablets or liquid form should be administered up to 3 times a day. For topical administration, the drug should be applied to the affected area as soon as possible.
Side Effects
Common side effects of cinchonine include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and blurred vision. Rare side effects include insomnia, confusion, and seizures.
Toxicity
Exceeding the recommended dosage can increase the risk of developing toxic side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, seizures, and liver failure.
Precautions
Cinchonine should be used with caution in pregnant women, as its safety in this population has not been established. It should also be used with caution in people with kidney or liver disease, as well as those taking other medications. It should not be used in people with an allergy to any of its ingredients.
Interactions
Cinchonine has been shown to interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, anti-seizure medications, and certain antibiotics. It can also interact with some herbal supplements and should not be used with alcohol.
Disease Interactions
Cinchonine should be used with caution in people with kidney or liver disease, as well as those with certain heart conditions, such as atrial fibrillation or congestive heart failure.
Drug Interactions
Cinchonine has been shown to interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, anti-seizure medications, and certain antibiotics. It can also interact with some herbal supplements.
Food Interactions
There are no known food interactions with cinchonine.
Pregnancy Use
Cinchonine should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.
Lactation Use
Cinchonine should not be used during breastfeeding, as its safety and efficacy in this population have not been established.
Acute Overdose
An overdose of cinchonine can be dangerous and symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, seizures, and coma. If an overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical attention.
Contraindications
Cinchonine is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity to any of its components, as well as people with kidney or liver disease or certain heart conditions.
Use Direction
Cinchonine should be used as directed by a physician. Do not exceed the recommended dosage, as this can result in serious side effects and toxicities.
Storage Condition
Cinchonine should be stored at room temperature and kept away from moisture and heat. It should also be stored in a secure container, away from children.
Volume of Distribution
Cinchonine has a volume of distribution of approximately 0.3 L/kg.
Half Life
The half life of cinchonine is approximately 4.5 hours.
Clearance
Cinchonine is primarily cleared by the kidneys, with an estimated renal clearance of 105 mL/min/1.73m2.
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