Niazid
Niazid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Niazid is a brand name. Its generic name is Isoniazid.
Introduction
Niazid (INH) is an antibiotic used primarily to treat tuberculosis. It is also used to treat certain types of bacterial infections, such as leprosy. Niazid belongs to a class of drugs known as antimycobacterials, which work by inhibiting the activity of mycobacterium, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.Uses
Niazid is used to treat tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections, such as leprosy. It is also used to prevent the development of active tuberculosis in those who have been exposed to it.Mechanism of Action
Niazid works by inhibiting the enzyme catalase-peroxidase, which is involved in the synthesis of mycolic acid, an essential component of the cell wall of mycobacterium. By blocking this enzyme, Niazid prevents the cell wall from being built and thus is effective against these bacteria.How Long Does it Take to Work?
The time it takes for Niazid to work depends on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Generally, it can take several weeks of treatment for Niazid to have an effect.Absorption
Niazid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Peak blood levels are usually achieved within 1 to 2 hours.Route of Elimination
Niazid is eliminated primarily via the urine, with only a small amount eliminated in the feces.Dosage
The typical adult dose of Niazid for the treatment of tuberculosis or other mycobacterial infections is 300 mg daily, given either orally or intramuscularly. For treatment of latent tuberculosis, the dose range is usually between 5 mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day.Administration
Niazid can be taken with or without food. It should be taken with a full glass of water. To prevent liver injury, it should not be taken with alcohol or drugs containing alcohol such as certain cold remedies.Side Effects
Common side effects of Niazid include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and rash. Severe allergic reactions, liver injury, and peripheral neuropathy can also occur from taking Niazid.Toxicity
Niazid is toxic when taken in large doses. Symptoms of Niazid toxicity include fatigue, confusion, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Severe Niazid toxicity can cause seizures, coma, and even death.Precautions
Niazid can be toxic to the liver, and so people with certain liver conditions should not take it. Pregnant women should also not take Niazid, as it has been linked to birth defects. People with kidney problems may also need to be monitored while taking Niazid, as well as those with allergies or a history of depression or other mental health issues.Interactions
Niazid can interact with other medications, such as anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, anti-seizure medications, and drugs used to treat HIV. It can also interact with vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements. It is important to inform your doctor or pharmacist about all other medications you are taking before starting Niazid.Disease Interactions
Niazid can interact with certain diseases. Those with certain liver disorders, kidney disorders, diabetes, or depression should not take Niazid.Drug Interactions
Niazid can interact with certain drugs, such as phenytoin, warfarin, rifampin, and carbamazepine. It can also interact with herbal medications, such as St. John’s Wort.Food Interactions
Niazid can interact with certain foods, such as cheese, sour cream, yogurt, and alcohol, all of which can inhibit the absorption of Niazid.Pregnancy Use
Niazid is not recommended for use during pregnancy. It has been linked to birth defects, and can be toxic to the developing fetus.Lactation Use
Niazid should not be taken while breastfeeding due to the potential for the drug to pass into breast milk and cause harm to the infant.Acute Overdose
Signs and symptoms of an Niazid overdose can include confusion, seizures, coma, and even death. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if overdose is suspected.Contraindication
Niazid is contraindicated in those with certain liver disorders, kidney disorders, diabetes, or depression. Pregnant women should also avoid taking Niazid, as it can be toxic to the fetus.Use Direction
Niazid should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. It should be taken with a full glass of water, with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule.Storage Condition
Niazid should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, light, and moisture. It should be kept out of reach of children and pets.Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of Niazid is 5-7 L/kg.Half Life
The half-life of Niazid is 2-3 hours.Clearance
The clearance of Niazid is approximately 16 mL/min/kg.Here you find in details version of Niazid
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Niazid
What is Niazid?
Niazid is an antibiotic medication used to treat and prevent tuberculosis (TB). It is also used to treat some types of bacterial infections, particularly Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections.
How does Niazid work?
Niazid works by interfering with the cell wall formation of the TB bacteria, making it harder for the bacteria to survive. It is most effective when taken as part of a combination of medications.
How do I take Niazid?
Niazid should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. Do not discontinue or change your dosage without consulting your doctor first. It can be taken with or without food, but it is generally recommended to take it with food to help prevent an upset stomach.
What are the side effects of Niazid?
The most common side effects of isoniazid are nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and rash. Other rare but serious side effects include liver damage, numbness or tingling of the hands and feet, peripheral neuropathy, and anemia. Be sure to tell your doctor right away if you experience any of these side effects.
Is Niazid safe to take?
Niazid is generally considered safe when taken as prescribed. However, it is important to follow all of your doctor's instructions while taking the medication. Also, be sure to tell your doctor if you have any medical conditions or allergies, as isoniazid can cause serious side effects in people with certain medical conditions.
Are there any interactions or precautions with Niazid?
Niazid can interact with certain medications, so it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you take, including herbal supplements and vitamins. Some medications can reduce the effectiveness of isoniazid or increase your risk of developing side effects. It is important to follow all instructions while taking isoniazid.
When should I call my doctor while taking Niazid?
If you experience any serious side effects, such as severe nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, rash, or numbness or tingling in the extremities, it is important to contact your doctor right away. Also, if you develop any new or worsening symptoms while taking isoniazid, be sure to report them to your doctor.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Niazid?
If you miss a dose of isoniazid, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next dose at the usual time. Do not take double doses unless told to do so by your doctor.
Are there any foods or drinks I should avoid while taking Niazid?
You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking isoniazid, as it can increase your risk of developing side effects. Additionally, certain foods may interact with isoniazid, so it is important to ask your doctor or pharmacist about any other foods or drinks you should avoid while taking isoniazid.
Can I take Niazid while pregnant?
Niazid is generally considered safe to take during pregnancy if it is necessary for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking isoniazid during pregnancy.
What if I take an overdose of Niazid?
If you take an overdose of isoniazid, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an overdose include nausea, vomiting, confusion, fatigue, and difficulty breathing.
Should I get vaccinated for tuberculosis before taking Niazid?
Yes, it is generally recommended that you get vaccinated for tuberculosis before taking isoniazid, as it may decrease your risk of developing the infection while taking the medication.
What is the usual treatment duration for Niazid?
The usual treatment duration for isoniazid is six to nine months. It is important to finish the full course of medication to ensure that all of the bacteria are killed and prevent the TB from recurring.
What if I have a resistance to Niazid?
If you have a resistance to isoniazid, your doctor may recommend other medications or a different treatment plan for your TB. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you have had a resistance to isoniazid in the past.
Can I take Niazid with other antibiotics?
Yes, isoniazid can be taken with other antibiotics. However, it is important to ask your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you take, including vitamins and herbal supplements, as some medications can affect the way isoniazid works or increase your risk of side effects.
Can I take Niazid if I have HIV?
Yes, isoniazid can be taken if you have HIV. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking isoniazid while living with HIV. Additionally, people with HIV may be at an increased risk of developing serious side effects while taking isoniazid.
What are the long-term effects of taking Niazid?
The long-term effects of taking isoniazid are not fully known. However, some people may experience prolonged and severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal effects. Additionally, people with HIV may be at an increased risk of developing liver damage or peripheral neuropathy when taking isoniazid.
Can I take Niazid with other medications for TB?
Yes, isoniazid is often prescribed as part of a combination of medications to treat TB. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of the medications you take, including vitamins and herbal supplements, as some medications can reduce the effectiveness of isoniazid or increase your risk of developing side effects.
What is the recommended daily dosage of Niazid?
The recommended daily dosage of isoniazid depends on the condition being treated. In general, the usual adult dose is 300 milligrams taken once daily. However, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and take the exact dosage prescribed to you.
Will my TB go away after I finish taking Niazid?
Yes, if isoniazid is taken correctly and as prescribed, it is effective at treating TB. Be sure to take the full course of medication as instructed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve before the course is finished, to ensure that all of the bacteria are killed.
Is it safe to take Niazid with other medications for HIV?
Yes, isoniazid can be taken with other medications for HIV. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you take, including vitamins and herbal supplements, as some medications can reduce the effectiveness of isoniazid or increase your risk of developing side effects.
Will Niazid cure TB?
Yes, isoniazid can be used to treat TB. It is most effective when taken as part of a combination of medications. However, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and take the exact dosage prescribed to you.
Does Niazid cause any birth defects?
Niazid is generally considered safe to take during pregnancy if necessary for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking isoniazid during pregnancy, as some studies have shown an increased risk of birth defects in the infant of a mother who took isoniazid during pregnancy.
Is it safe to take Niazid while breastfeeding?
Niazid is usually considered safe to take while breastfeeding. However, it is important to tell your doctor about your breastfeeding plans to ensure that it is safe for you to take the medication. Additionally, it is possible for isoniazid to pass into breast milk, so it may be best to avoid breastfeeding while taking isoniazid.
Can I take Niazid if I have diabetes?
Yes, you can take isoniazid if you have diabetes. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of the medications you take, including insulin, as some medications can reduce the effectiveness of isoniazid or increase your risk of developing side effects.
Can I take Niazid while taking warfarin?
Yes, isoniazid can be taken while taking warfarin. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you take, including warfarin, as some medications can reduce the effectiveness of isoniazid or increase your risk of developing side effects.
Will Niazid affect my blood sugar levels?
Niazid may cause an increase in blood sugar levels in some people. If you have diabetes or prediabetes, it is important to monitor your blood sugar levels closely while taking isoniazid and to talk to your doctor about any changes in your levels.
Can I take Niazid for prevention of TB?
Yes, isoniazid can be used for prevention of TB in people at high risk of developing the infection. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking isoniazid for prevention, as some people may be at an increased risk of side effects.
Can I take Niazid if I am allergic to penicillin?
Yes, you can take isoniazid if you are allergic to penicillin. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your allergies and medical conditions, as some people with certain allergies and medical conditions may be at an increased risk of serious side effects while taking isoniazid.
Can I take Niazid for an ear infection?
Niazid is not typically used to treat ear infections. However, it can be used to treat certain bacterial infections, particularly Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you think you may have a bacterial infection that isnt responding to your current treatment.
Can I take Niazid with ibuprofen?
Yes, you can take isoniazid with ibuprofen. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you take, including ibuprofen, as some medications can reduce the effectiveness of isoniazid or increase your risk of developing side effects.
Can I take Niazid if I have kidney disease?
Yes, you can take isoniazid if you have kidney disease. However, it is important to tell your doctor about your kidney disease, as some people with severe kidney disease may be more likely to experience serious side effects while taking isoniazid.
Will Niazid cause hair loss?
Niazid is not known to cause hair loss. If you experience any new or worsening symptoms while taking isoniazid, be sure to report them to your doctor.
Can I take Niazid with an MAOI?
No, it is not safe to take isoniazid with an MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor). MAOIs can increase your risk of developing serious side effects when taken with isoniazid, so it is important to talk to your doctor about all the medications you take before starting isoniazid.
Can I take Niazid while on dialysis?
Yes, you can take isoniazid while on dialysis. However, it is important to tell your doctor and pharmacist about your dialysis treatment, as some people with kidney disease may be more likely to experience serious side effects while taking isoniazid.
What should I avoid while taking Niazid?
You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking isoniazid to decrease your risk of developing side effects. Additionally, certain foods may interact with isonia