Morphine

Morphine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Morphine is a brand name. Its generic name is Morphine.

Morphine Introduction

Morphine is an opiate pain reliever and a common treatment for moderate to severe pain. It is known by various trade names, including Kadian, Avinza, Oramorph SR, Roxanol, and MS Contin.

Uses for Morphine

Morphine can be used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in a variety of medical conditions, including but not limited to cancer pain, post-surgical pain, pain caused by burns or injuries, and chronic pain. Morphine is sometimes used to treat opioid addiction, or in palliative medicine to treat symptoms of terminal illnesses like AIDS or cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Morphine works by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract. This action blocks pain signals and helps to reduce the perception of pain. Morphine also increases the level of feel-good chemicals like dopamine and serotonin, which helps to further reduce pain and improve the patient’s overall wellbeing.

How Long Does It Take To Work?

Morphine generally takes 15-30 minutes to take effect. However, the timing may vary depending on the individual’s metabolism and the route of administration.

Absorption

Morphine is highly lipophilic and is readily absorbed after administration. The rate of absorption depends on the dosage form and the route of administration.

Route of Elimination

Morphine is mainly eliminated through the kidneys, with some minor contribution by the liver and intestine. The exact elimination route may vary by individual and may also be affected by the route of administration.

Dosage and Administration Information

Morphine is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, syrups, injections, and suppositories. Generally, an adult dose of morphine ranges from 10 to 30 mg per day, although it can be higher depending on the individual’s tolerance and the type of pain being treated. It is important to note that the dose of morphine must be adjusted carefully under the guidance of a medical professional.

Side Effects

Morphine can cause a variety of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, decreased sex drive, dry mouth, sweating, and rash. If any of these effects are severe or persistent, or if any new or unusual effects occur, contact a doctor for advice.

Toxicity

Morphine is generally considered safe when used as directed. However, misuse or abuse of the drug can lead to life-threatening side effects, such as respiratory depression and coma. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed and to never take more than the recommended dose.

Precaution

Morphine should be used with caution in patients with kidney or liver disease, as well as in patients taking other medications that depress the central nervous system. It should also not be combined with alcohol or other illicit drugs. Before taking morphine, it is important to tell the doctor about any allergies or medical conditions, including any use of non-prescription drugs.

Interactions

Morphine can interact with a variety of medicines, including tranquilizers, sleeping pills, sedatives, antihistamines, antidepressants, or muscle relaxants. Alcohol and recreational drugs can increase the risk of side effects. Speak with the doctor about any medications or supplements being taken before starting on morphine.

Disease Interactions

Morphine should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing breathing problems, heart disease, or a history of substance abuse. Patients with a history of medical conditions such as seizures, head trauma or brain damage should discuss these issues with the doctor before taking morphine.

Drug Interactions

Morphine can interact with other drugs, including amphetamines, antacids, barbiturates, certain birth control pills, cholesterol medications, and drugs for treating depression, anxiety, or seizures. Speak with the doctor about any other prescription or non-prescription drugs being taken before starting on morphine.

Food Interactions

Morphine may interact with certain foods such as grapefruit or grapefruit juice. Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking morphine.

Pregnancy Use

Morphine should not be used during pregnancy unless it is considered essential by the doctor. There is a risk of harm to the fetus from exposure to morphine, so it should only be used if the benefits outweigh the risks.

Lactation Use

Morphine should be used with caution in lactating mothers. There is a risk of harm to the infant from exposure to morphine.

Acute Overdose

An acute overdose of morphine can be fatal. Symptoms of an overdose include slow or shallow breathing, confusion, coma, and severe drowsiness. Seek immediate medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

Contraindication

Morphine should not be used in patients who are hypersensitive or allergic to the drug, or to any of the inactive ingredients in the formulation. It should also not be used in patients with severe breathing problems or a head injury.

Use Direction

Morphine should be taken as directed by a doctor. It is important to follow the specific directions given by the doctor and to never take more than the recommended dose. The tablet or liquid should be taken with food or milk in order to reduce the chance of stomach irritation.

Storage Condition

Morphine should be stored in a tightly sealed container at room temperature away from light and moisture. It should be kept out of the reach of children.

Volume of Distribution

Morphine has a volume of distribution of 2-3 liters/kilogram. This means that it is distributed primarily in the body tissues, with a smaller portion found in the blood plasma.

Half Life

The half life of morphine is 1.5 to 7 hours. This means that it takes up to 7 hours for the drug to be reduced to half its original amount in the body.

Clearance

Morphine has a clearance rate of 1-1.5 ml/min/kg. This means that it is cleared from the body at a rate of 1-1.5 ml per minute per kilogram of body weight.

Here you find in details version of Morphine

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Morphine

What is Morphine?

Morphine is a powerful pain medication that is derived from opium. It is an opioid agonist that is used to treat severe pain, and is available in many forms, including pills, liquid, and injectable.

How does Morphine work?

Morphine works by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body. This reduces the feeling of pain and can also produce a feeling of sedation and relaxation.

What are the side effects of Morphine?

The most common side effects of Morphine include constipation, nausea, drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, sedation, and respiratory depression.

Is Morphine safe?

Morphine is generally safe when taken as prescribed by a medical professional. However, it is still a powerful drug and can be habit-forming when misused, so it should be taken with caution.

What is Morphine used to treat?

Morphine is typically used to treat severe pain. It is often used to treat pain associated with surgery, cancer, and other medical conditions.

Is Morphine an opioid?

Yes, Morphine is an opioid agonist, meaning it attaches to opioid receptors to reduce pain and produce feelings of sedation and relaxation.

Can Morphine be taken while pregnant?

It is generally not recommended that pregnant women take Morphine, as it could potentially be harmful to the baby. Discuss all options with your doctor before taking Morphine while pregnant.

Can Morphine be addictive?

Yes, Morphine can be addictive when taken in large doses or used for prolonged periods of time, even when taken as prescribed by a doctor.

Does Morphine have withdrawal symptoms?

Yes, long-term use of Morphine can result in physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, anxiety, restlessness, cravings, insomnia, and pain.

What is the half-life of Morphine?

The half-life of Morphine is around 2 to 3 hours. This means that it takes approximately 6 to 9 hours for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body.

What is the difference between Morphine and Oxycodone?

Morphine and Oxycodone are both opioids, however they have different chemical structures, and thus have different levels of potency. Morphine is generally considered to be more potent than Oxycodone.

Is Morphine available over the counter?

No, Morphine is a powerful narcotic drug and is not available over the counter. It must be obtained through a prescription from a medical professional.

What is the difference between Morphine and Hydrocodone?

Morphine and Hydrocodone are both opioid medications, however they have different chemical structures. Morphine is generally considered to be more potent than Hydrocodone.

How long does Morphine stay in your system?

Morphine can stay in your system for up to 3 days. However, this can vary depending on factors such as age, weight, and how much of the drug was taken.

Can Morphine cause breathing problems?

Yes, Morphine can cause respiratory depression, which is a slowing or cessation of breathing. It is important to be vigilant of signs of respiratory depression while taking Morphine, and to contact a doctor immediately if any breathing problems occur.

Can Morphine be snorted?

Yes, Morphine can be snorted. However, snorting a drug generally increases the risk of addiction and other health problems.

What are the long-term effects of Morphine use?

The long-term effects of Morphine use can include physical and psychological dependence, respiratory depression, and organ damage. Long-term use of Morphine can also increase the risk of overdose.

Is Morphine an anti-inflammatory?

No, Morphine is not an anti-inflammatory. It is an opioid agonist, meaning it attaches to opioid receptors to reduce pain. It does not have an anti-inflammatory effect.

What is Morphine sulfate?

Morphine sulfate is a stronger, extended-release form of Morphine. It is a tablet that is designed to be taken on a regular basis to provide continuous relief from pain over a period of time.

What is the recommended dosage for Morphine?

The recommended dosage for Morphine varies depending on various factors, such as age, weight, and medical condition. It is important to always take the exact dosage prescribed by a medical professional.

What is the maximum dose of Morphine?

The maximum dose of Morphine typically ranges from 400mg to 600mg per day. Higher doses can be prescribed in certain cases, but it is important to never take more than the prescribed dose of Morphine.

What is Morphine used for in hospice care?

Morphine is often used in hospice care to help relieve pain and other symptoms associated with advanced illnesses. It can also help to reduce anxiety and shortness of breath, as well as improve the quality of life for the patient.

Is Morphine used for back pain?

Yes, Morphine can be prescribed for back pain if other treatments, such as physical therapy and over-the-counter medications, have been unsuccessful. However, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of taking Morphine for back pain.

Is Morphine used for abdominal pain?

Yes, Morphine can be used to treat abdominal pain in some cases. However, it is important to discuss all possible treatments with a doctor before taking Morphine.

What is the difference between Morphine and codeine?

Morphine is an opioid agonist, while codeine is an opioid agonist/antagonist. Morphine is considered to be more potent than codeine, and it has a longer duration of action.

Does Morphine interact with other medications?

Yes, Morphine can interact with certain medications, such as antihistamines, atropine, and certain antidepressants. It is important to discuss all medications with a doctor before taking Morphine.

What is Morphine used for after surgery?

Morphine is often used after surgery to help relieve pain. It can also help to reduce anxiety and improve the quality of recovery after a surgical procedure.

Can Morphine be taken with other pain medications?

It is not usually recommended to take Morphine with other pain medications, as this can increase the risk of side effects and lead to overdose. Consult with a doctor before taking Morphine with other medications.

Can Morphine be taken with food?

Yes, Morphine can be taken with food, as it can help to reduce some of the side effects, such as nausea and vomiting. It is important to follow the dosing instructions provided by a doctor.

Is Morphine safe to take long term?

Morphine is generally considered to be safe when taken as prescribed. However, long-term use can lead to physical and psychological dependence, so it is important to use caution when taking it long term.

Does Morphine cause constipation?

Yes, Morphine can cause constipation as a side effect. It is important to drink plenty of fluids and consume a high-fiber diet to help reduce this side effect.

What is the recommended dose of Morphine for pain relief?

The recommended dose of Morphine for pain relief depends on various factors, such as age, weight, and medical condition. It is important to always take the exact dose of Morphine that is prescribed by a doctor.

What are the symptoms of a Morphine overdose?

The symptoms of a Morphine overdose can include shallow breathing, low blood pressure, extreme drowsiness, confusion, clammy skin, and loss of consciousness. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

What is the maximum dose of extended-release Morphine?

The maximum dose of extended-release Morphine typically ranges between 400mg and 600mg per day. Higher doses can be prescribed in certain cases, but it is important to never take more than the prescribed dose.

Is Morphine used to treat anxiety?

No, Morphine is not typically used to treat anxiety. It is usually only prescribed to help relieve pain, but it can have a calming effect which may help to reduce anxiety.

What is the street value of Morphine?

The street value of Morphine varies depending on the dosage form and the area in which it is purchased. It is important to remember that buying or selling prescription drugs, such as Morphine, is illegal.

Can Morphine be prescribed as needed?

Yes, Morphine can be prescribed on an as needed basis. However, it is important to take the minimum effective dose and not exceed the maximum recommended dose.

Can Morphine be taken with other opioids?

No, it is not usually recommended to take Morphine with other opioids, as this can increase the risk of overdose and other dangerous side effects. It is important to discuss all medications with a doctor before taking Morphine.

Can Morphine be used for headache relief?

Morphine is not usually used to treat headaches, as it is a powerful narcotic drug and can have potentially dangerous side effects. Over-the-counter medications are generally recommended for headache relief.

Can Morphine be taken with alcohol?

No, it is not recommended to take Morphine with alcohol as this can increase the risk of dangerous side effects. Combining these two drugs can also lead to a life-threatening overdose.

Does Morphine cause dizziness?

Yes, dizziness is one of the most common side effects of Morphine. It is important to be vigilant of any adverse reactions or side effects while taking Morphine.

Can Morphine be taken with muscle relaxers?

Yes, Morphine can be taken with muscle relaxers, but it is important to discuss all medications with a doctor before taking them together. Combining these drugs can increase the risk of side effects and lead to an overdose.