Metorax

Metorax Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Metorax is a brand name. Its generic name is Methotrexate.

Introduction to Metorax

Metorax is an antifolate drug that has been widely used in cancer therapy, autoimmune disorders, eye diseases, and psoriasis. It is a folate antagonist, blocking folate nukleotide synthesis, thereby interfering with a wide variety of biosynthetic processes essential for cell growth. Metorax inhibits cisformyl tertaric acid synthesis, resulting in reduced synthesis of purines and thymidilate acid.

Uses for Metorax

Metorax is a commonly used medication to treat various conditions such as cancer (such as Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer), autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease), and severe allergies. It can also be used for ectopic pregnancies.

Mechanism of Action of Metorax

Metorax acts as a folate antimetabolite, meaning it inhibits the natural process of folate synthesis in cells. It competitively binds to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), meaning it takes the place of folate and prevents it from being used in the synthesis of purines and thymidine. This interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis and disrupts cell function.

How Long Does it Take for Metorax to Work?

Metorax usually takes a few days to start working, depending on the condition being treated. It can take up to several weeks before the full effects of the drug are seen.

Absorption of Metorax

Metorax is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract with an average bioavailability of about 35%. The oral absorption of methotrexate is not reliable, which is why Metorax is usually administered through intramuscular or intravenous injection.

Route of Elimination

Metorax is eliminated largely by metabolism in the liver. It is also partly eliminated through the kidneys, where it is excreted as metabolites.

Dosage of Metorax

The dosage of methotrexate varies depending on the condition being treated and the patient's response. The usual oral dose for cancer is 30-35mg/m2 each week. For treatment of autoimmune diseases, the average dose ranges from 5-12.5mg once a week, up to 25mg twice weekly.

Administration of Metorax

Metorax may be administered orally or by intramuscular or intravenous injection. Oral tablets or capsules should always be taken with food to enhance absorption. Intramuscular and intravenous injections should be given slowly and followed by hydration with at least 2 litres of fluids.

Side Effects of Metorax

Common side effects of methotrexate include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, hair loss, rash, headache, dizziness, difficulty sleeping, diarrhea, mouth sores, and abdominal pain. They usually resolve when the dose is decreased or discontinued. Serious side effects may include immune suppression, liver damage, decreased red or white blood cells or platelets, infection, and mouth sores.

Toxicity of Metorax

Toxicity of methotrexate is rare but can occur with prolonged use of high doses. Symptoms of toxicity may include appetite loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, seizures, coma, and death.

Precaution when Using Metorax

Metorax should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease, infection, or a history of alcohol abuse. It should also be used cautiously in pregnant women, as it can cause birth defects. It is important to drink plenty of fluids while taking methotrexate to reduce the risk of side effects.

Drug Interactions with Metorax

Metorax can have harmful interactions with certain medications and supplements. Some drugs that should not be taken with methotrexate include non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen, antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, warfarin, folic acid, and certain cancer treatments. It may also have an increased risk of side effects when taken with other medications.

Food Interactions with Metorax

Metorax should be taken with food to enhance absorption. It should not be taken with alcohol, as alcohol can increase the risk of side effects. Grapefruit juice may also increase the blood levels of methotrexate and should be avoided.

Pregnancy Use of Metorax

Metorax is not recommended during pregnancy as it can cause birth defects or miscarriage. Pregnant women taking methotrexate should be monitored closely. Women should also wait at least one month after stopping methotrexate before attempting to become pregnant.

Lactation Use of Metorax

Metorax has been shown to pass into breast milk and should be avoided in breastfeeding mothers if possible. Women taking methotrexate should be monitored closely and consult their physician before breastfeeding.

Acute Overdose of Metorax

An acute overdose of methotrexate can occur with a single large dose or with a number of doses over a short period. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, seizures, and coma. Overdose should be treated immediately.

Contraindication of Metorax

Metorax should not be used in patients with known allergy to methotrexate or other components of the formulation. It should also not be used in patients with blood disorders, severe infection, or severe liver or kidney disease.

Use Directions for Metorax

Metorax should be taken as directed by your physician. Oral tablets or capsules should be taken with food to enhance absorption. Intramuscular or intravenous injections should be given slowly and followed by hydration with at least 2 liters of fluids.

Storage Conditions for Metorax

Metorax should be stored at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). It should be kept in a light-resistant container and out of the reach of children.

Volume of Distribution for Metorax

The volume of distribution of methotrexate is approximately 1.2 L/kg. This means that the drug is distributed throughout the body in a volume equivalent to 1.2 liters per kilogram of body weight.

Half Life of Metorax

The half life of methotrexate is approximately 4-7 hours with oral administration and 1.5-2 hours with intramuscular or intravenous administration.

Clearance of Metorax

Metorax has a reported clearance of 1.6-6.0 ml/min/kg. This means that the drug is eliminated from the body at a rate of 1.6-6.0 milliliters per minute, per kilogram of body weight.

Here you find in details version of Metorax

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Metorax

What is methotrexate?

Metorax is an antimetabolite and an antifolate medication which is used in the treatment of certain cancers, autoimmune diseases, and sometimes for the medical abortion of an early pregnancy.

What conditions is methotrexate used to treat?

Metorax is used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and several others. It is also used to treat some cancers, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer.

Is methotrexate an anti-inflammatory?

Yes, methotrexate is an anti-inflammatory medication used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

Can I drink alcohol while taking methotrexate?

No, you should not drink any alcohol while taking methotrexate. Metorax can cause serious and even fatal liver damage.

What are the side effects of methotrexate?

Common side effects of methotrexate include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, skin rash, hair loss, and diarrhea. More serious side effects may include liver damage, lung disease, and decreased bone marrow function.

What should I do if I miss a dose of methotrexate?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.

Is methotrexate safe during pregnancy?

No, methotrexate is not safe to take during pregnancy. It can cause harm to the developing fetus and should not be taken while pregnant.

Can methotrexate cause kidney damage?

Yes, methotrexate can cause kidney and liver damage. It is important to monitor your liver and kidney function while taking methotrexate.

How long does it take for methotrexate to work?

Metorax can take up to several weeks to start working. However, each person's response to methotrexate is different, so it may take longer for some people for it to work.

Can I take ibuprofen with methotrexate?

No, you should not take ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking methotrexate. These medications can increase the risk of stomach ulcers and kidney damage.

Can methotrexate cause hair loss?

Yes, hair loss is a possible side effect of methotrexate. If you experience sudden or unusual hair loss while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor immediately.

Does methotrexate make you tired?

Yes, fatigue is a common side effect of methotrexate. If you are feeling unusually tired while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor.

Is methotrexate used for psoriasis?

Yes, methotrexate is used to treat certain types of psoriasis, such as erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis. It is not usually used to treat milder types of psoriasis.

Do I need to take folic acid with methotrexate?

Yes, you should take folic acid while taking methotrexate to reduce the side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and mouth sores. It is important to talk to your doctor about the right dosage of folic acid for you.

Can I take methotrexate long-term?

Yes, methotrexate can be taken long-term, but it is important to monitor your liver and kidney function while taking it. It is also important to take folic acid to reduce the side effects.

What should I do if I experience nausea or vomiting while taking methotrexate?

If you experience nausea or vomiting while taking methotrexate, you should contact your doctor. Your doctor may recommend anti-nausea medications and/or adjustments to your dosage of methotrexate.

Can methotrexate cause birth defects?

Yes, methotrexate can cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy. It is important to use effective contraception to prevent pregnancy while taking methotrexate.

Can methotrexate cause anemia?

Yes, anemia can be a side effect of methotrexate. If you experience symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue, pale skin, or shortness of breath, contact your doctor immediately.

What are the signs of liver damage from methotrexate?

Signs of liver damage from methotrexate include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain, fatigue, and nausea. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience these signs.

Is methotrexate a biologic?

No, methotrexate is not considered a biologic drug, although it is sometimes used in combination with biologic drugs to treat autoimmune diseases. Biologic drugs are made from living organisms.

What are the long-term effects of methotrexate?

Long-term effects of methotrexate can include liver damage, kidney damage, decreased bone marrow function, and birth defects. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of long-term use with your doctor.

Can methotrexate be used for Crohn's disease?

Yes, methotrexate is used to treat certain cases of Crohn's disease. It is used for cases that cannot be managed with other medications.

What other medications can be taken with methotrexate?

Other medications which can be taken with methotrexate to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and biologic drugs.

Is methotrexate a controlled substance?

No, methotrexate is not a controlled substance. It can be prescribed by your doctor and purchased at a pharmacy without a special prescription.

What are the warnings for methotrexate?

Some of the warnings for methotrexate include risk of serious skin reactions, liver damage, and bone marrow suppression. It is also important to watch out for signs of an infection, such as fever, chills, or sore throat, while taking methotrexate.

Can methotrexate cause joint pain?

Yes, joint pain is a possible side effect of methotrexate. If you experience joint pain while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor.

What is the usual dosage for methotrexate?

The usual dosage of methotrexate depends on the condition being treated. It is typically taken once a week in a pill form or as an injection. Your doctor will determine the best dosage for you.

Can methotrexate cause weight gain?

No, weight gain is not a common side effect of methotrexate. Weight loss is more likely as a result of nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite that can occur while taking methotrexate.

Can methotrexate cause stomach ulcers?

Yes, stomach ulcers are a possible side effect of methotrexate. It is important to contact your doctor if you experience persistent stomach pain or nausea while taking methotrexate.

Can I take acetaminophen with methotrexate?

Yes, you can take acetaminophen with methotrexate. However, it is important to take only the recommended dosage and not exceed the maximum daily safe limit of acetaminophen.

Can methotrexate cause pancreatitis?

Yes, pancreatitis is a rare but possible side effect of methotrexate. Symptoms of pancreatitis include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and rapid heartbeat. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.

Can methotrexate cause diarrhea?

Yes, diarrhoea is a possible side effect of methotrexate. If you experience persistent or worsening diarrhoea, contact your doctor.

Does methotrexate cause anxiety?

Anxiety is an uncommon side effect of methotrexate. If you experience anxiety or other mental health changes while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor.

Is methotrexate used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Yes, methotrexate is sometimes used to treat certain cases of multiple sclerosis. It is usually used if other medications have not been effective in controlling symptoms.

Can methotrexate cause birth control to be ineffective?

Yes, methotrexate can lower the effectiveness of certain types of birth control. It is important to talk to your doctor about the best type of birth control to use while taking methotrexate.

Can methotrexate cause a rash?

Yes, a rash is a possible side effect of methotrexate. If you experience a rash while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor.

Is methotrexate used for lupus?

Yes, methotrexate is used to treat certain cases of lupus. It is usually used for more mild cases that are not responding to other medications.

Is methotrexate used to treat asthma?

No, methotrexate is not used to treat asthma. It is used to treat certain autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

Can methotrexate cause cravings?

Cravings are not a common side effect of methotrexate, but they can occur in some cases. If you experience sudden or unusual cravings while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor.

Can methotrexate cause dizziness?

Yes, dizziness is a possible side effect of methotrexate. If you experience dizziness while taking methotrexate, contact your doctor.