Lanoxin
Lanoxin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Lanoxin is a brand name. Its generic name is Digoxin.
Introduction
Lanoxin is a drug used to treat heart conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). It is a classical cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, which affects the contractility of heart muscle by combining to sodium-potassium pumps on the cell membrane of muscle fibers. Lanoxin was first discovered in the late 1700s and has been used as a heart stimulant since the 1800s.
Uses
Lanoxin is used for both the treatment of congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. It can be used to strengthen the contractility of the heart, slow the heart rate for atrial fibrillation, and help reduce the risk of stroke. It is sometimes used in combination with other medications for heart failure, such as diuretics.
Mechanism of Action
Lanoxin works by increasing the contractility of the heart muscle. It does this by binding to the sodium-potassium pumps on the myocardial cell membranes and increasing the amount of calcium available for myocardial contraction, which in turn increases cardiac output and improves cardiac performance. Lanoxin also slows the heart rate by inhibiting the action of the SA node. Additionally, it can reduce blood pressure and improve serum electrolyte levels.
How Long Does It Take To Work?
The effects of digoxin can be felt soon after starting the treatment. However, it may take some weeks for the drug to reach its full effect. If you have further questions related to how quickly the drug will work for your particular condition, please consult your physician.
Absorption
Lanoxin is absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract, with absorption increasing in an acidic environment. Peak plasma concentration of the drug is typically achieved 1-2 hours after administration. If the drug is taken with food, absorption may be delayed.
Route of Elimination
Lanoxin is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Approximately 70-80% of a dose administered orally is eliminated by the kidneys with a half-life of approximately 36 hours.
Dosage
The dosage of digoxin is determined by the severity of the condition and the age of the patient. The usual starting dose for CHF is 0.125 mg once daily. For AF, the usual starting dose is 0.125-0.25 mg once daily.
Administration
Lanoxin is a tablet for oral administration. Tablets may be swallowed whole, or they can be crushed and mixed with a small amount of food, then swallowed. For pediatric patients, the tablets can be compounded into an oral liquid.
Side Effect
Lanoxin can cause various side effects, including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, confusion, fatigue, and visual disturbances. Other rare, though more serious, side effects may include confusion, yellowing of the skin and eyes, heart rhythm changes, and an irregular heartbeat. If you experience any of these or other unusual reactions while taking this drug, please contact your doctor.
Toxicity
Lanoxin toxicity may occur if the drug is used in too high of a dose or in individuals that have limited ability to metabolize the drug. Symptoms of digitalis toxicity include nausea, vomiting, headache, dyspnea, confusion, blurred vision, enlarged pupils, slowed heart rate, and rhythm disturbances. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
Precaution
Patients receiving digoxin should be monitored closely for signs of toxicity, electrolyte imbalances, and underlying heart conditions. Patients should also have regular ECG, electrolyte, and renal function tests while taking digoxin. It is important to tell your doctor of any allergies you may have to this medication.
Interactions
Lanoxin has been known to interact with certain drugs, such as diuretics, amiodarone, and quinidine. Additionally, certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, antacids, and calcium blockers, can increase the effects of digoxin. Before taking this drug, please make sure to inform your doctor of any and all medications you are taking. Additionally, certain foods, such as grapefruit, can interact with digoxin.
Disease Interaction
Lanoxin can interact with certain diseases or medical conditions. It can lead to increased risk of toxic effects from digoxin in patients with liver or kidney disease, diabetes, or electrolyte imbalances. It can also cause negative effects in patients with certain heart conditions, such as congestive heart failure. It is important to tell your doctor of any chronic medical conditions you may have before starting this medication.
Drug Interaction
Lanoxin can interact with certain drugs, such as diuretics, amiodarone, quinidine, ACE inhibitors, antacids, and calcium blockers, increasing the risk of toxic effects. Furthermore, certain grapes can increase serum levels of digoxin. It is important to inform your doctor of any drugs you are taking before taking digoxin.
Food Interactions
Certain foods have been known to interact with digoxin. Grapes, grapefruit, and orange juice can increase the amount of digoxin in the bloodstream, while licorice can decrease the amount of drug absorbed. Other foods, such as coffee, have no clinically significant interactions with this drug.
Pregnancy Use
Lanoxin has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA. Animal studies have shown evidence of fetal risk, however, there are no controlled data in human pregnancy. This drug should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Lactation Use
It is not known if digoxin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in breast milk, caution should be exercised when administering this drug to a nursing woman.
Acute Overdose
Signs and symptoms of acute overdose include nausea, vomiting, confusion, visual disturbances, and arrhythmias. If an overdose is suspected, please contact your physician or seek medical attention immediately.
Contraindications
Lanoxin should not be used in patients with heart failure caused by pre-excitation, known hypersensitivity to the active substance, or in patients with cardiac arrest. Women in the late stages of pregnancy should also not take this drug.
Use Direction
Lanoxin should be taken orally exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take more or less of the medication than prescribed. Do not stop taking the medication suddenly unless directed by your doctor. The tablets can be taken with or without food. To minimize the risk of adverse effects, it is important to take the medication as directed.
Storage Condition
Lanoxin tablets should be stored at room temperature (68° to 77°F, 20° to 25°C), away from moisture and light. Keep the tablets securely closed in their original container, and keep out of the reach of children.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of digoxin is 2.3-3.0 L/kg.
Half Life
The half-life of digoxin in an adult is on average 1-2 days. In elderly patients, the half-life can be doubled, and in people with severe renal impairment, it can be up to 20 days.
Clearance
The clearance of digoxin is approximately 0.9-1.7 mL/min/kg in an adult.
Here you find in details version of Lanoxin
Some Frequently Asked Questions About Lanoxin
What is Lanoxin?
Lanoxin is an antiarrhythmic drug, used to control rapid heart rates and to improve the strength of the heart’s contractions. It is also sometimes used to treat congestive heart failure, and is most often prescribed to treat atrial fibrillation.
What is the mechanism of action of Lanoxin?
The mechanism of action of digoxin is by increasing the force of contraction of the myocardium (heart muscles) by increasing the influx of calcium ions. This results in an increased pumping action of the heart, leading to improved blood circulation and better oxygenation of the heart.
What are the side effects of Lanoxin?
The most common side effects of Lanoxin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, visual disturbances, fatigue, heart palpitations, dizziness, and confusion. Other rare but serious side effects include cardiac arrhythmia, decreased blood pressure, and an irregular heart rate.
What is the recommended dosage of Lanoxin?
The recommended dosage of Lanoxin varies depending on various factors, such as the patient’s age, weight, and other pre-existing medical conditions. It is important to consult with a physician to determine the right dose for an individual.
What are the common drug interactions with Lanoxin?
Lanoxin can interact with certain drugs, such as diuretics, antacids, or anticoagulants. Other drug interactions include antibiotics, calcium channel blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), heart rhythm drugs, and certain herbs or supplements. It is important to discuss all medications and supplements being taken with a healthcare provider to ensure that they are safe to use in combination.
What is the storage condition for Lanoxin?
Lanoxin should be stored in a cool, dry place at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. It should also be stored away from children and pets.
What is the best way to take Lanoxin?
Lanoxin should generally be taken on an empty stomach, either one hour before or two hours after meals. However, it is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider. It should be taken with a full glass of water, and should not be crushed, chewed, or broken.
How long does Lanoxin take to work?
Lanoxin usually takes several days to take effect and reach its full efficacy. It may take longer in the case of certain medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure. In these cases, it may take up to two weeks to achieve the desired effects.
When should I take Lanoxin?
Lanoxin is usually taken once a day, usually in the morning. It is important to take the medication at the same time each day to maintain an even concentration of the drug in the bloodstream. It is also important to take the drug as prescribed by the doctor.
Can I take Lanoxin with food?
It is best to take Lanoxin on an empty stomach, either one hour before or two hours after meals. However, you can take the drug with food if you experience any stomach upset or discomfort. It is important to talk to a doctor or pharmacist for advice.
What do I do if I forget to take a dose of Lanoxin?
If you forget to take your dose of Lanoxin, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one at the regular time. Do not double dose.
What should I do if I overdose on Lanoxin?
Overdose on Lanoxin can cause serious side effects, such as cardiac arrest. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical help immediately. You should also bring the medicine container and any unused medicine with you to the hospital.
What should I avoid while taking Lanoxin?
While taking Lanoxin, it is important to avoid alcohol consumption and smoking. You should also be sure not to eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice, as this may increase the level of Lanoxin in your blood. You should also avoid driving or operating heavy machinery, as Lanoxin can cause dizziness or drowsiness.
What are the signs and symptoms of Lanoxin toxicity?
Signs and symptoms of Lanoxin toxicity can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, visual disturbances, confusion, dizziness, heart palpitations, and a slow or irregular heart rate. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
What is the average cost of Lanoxin?
The cost of Lanoxin can vary depending on the strength, quantity, and pharmacy location. Generally, the cost of Lanoxin can range from $10 to $100.
Is Lanoxin covered by insurance?
Many insurance providers cover the cost of the drug, however, it is important to check with the insurance provider before purchasing the medication. Some insurance plans may have restrictions or require preauthorization.
Are there any guidelines for taking Lanoxin?
Yes, it is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when taking Lanoxin. The medication should be taken exactly as prescribed and not skipped or missed. It is also important to avoid taking the medication with alcohol or certain other prescription drugs.
What should I do if I develop an allergic reaction to Lanoxin?
If you develop an allergic reaction to Lanoxin, such as difficulty breathing, hives, or swelling, contact your doctor immediately. You should also stop taking the medication and seek immediate medical care.
Can I exercise while taking Lanoxin?
Exercise can be an important part of a heart-healthy lifestyle, but it is important to talk with your doctor before starting any exercise regimen. Certain activities may not be appropriate for certain patients, and your doctor will be able to advise you on the best type of exercise for your condition.
What dietary changes may be needed when taking Lanoxin?
Some dietary changes may be necessary when taking Lanoxin. It is important to avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice, as these may increase the concentration of the drug in the body. Eating a balanced and healthy diet and monitoring your potassium levels closely can also be beneficial.
Is it safe to take Lanoxin while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Lanoxin should be avoided while pregnant or breastfeeding, as it is not known if the drug can pass into breast milk. It is important to talk with a healthcare provider before taking any medications while pregnant or breastfeeding.
Is Lanoxin the same as Digitoxin?
No, Lanoxin and Digitoxin are not the same medications. Lanoxin is a derivative of the plant Foxglove, while Digitoxin is a similar but different compound also derived from a plant called Digitalis lanata.
What are the long-term side effects of Lanoxin?
Long-term side effects of Lanoxin include confusion, dizziness, fatigue, heart palpitations, visual disturbances, and an irregular heartbeat. It is important to discuss any side effects with a doctor, as they may indicate the need to adjust the dose or switch the medication.
How safe is Lanoxin?
Lanoxin is generally safe when taken as prescribed. However, when taken in high doses or combined with certain other drugs, it can be a dangerous medication. If taken as directed and monitored by a doctor, Lanoxin can be an effective treatment for heart conditions.
What effect does Lanoxin have on the kidneys?
Lanoxin can have a negative effect on the kidneys in some cases. It is important to discuss any pre-existing kidney issues with a healthcare provider before taking the medication. Regular monitoring of kidney function is important, and the dose of Lanoxin may need to be adjusted if necessary.
Does Lanoxin have any interactions with foods?
It is important to avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking Lanoxin, as these can drastically increase the drug's concentration in the body. Otherwise, there are usually no dietary restrictions when taking Lanoxin.
What is the peak action of Lanoxin?
The peak action of Lanoxin is usually experienced within 1-4 hours after administration of the drug. After this time, the levels of the drug begin to slowly decrease and its effects start to wear off.
Can Lanoxin cause constipation?
Lanoxin can cause constipation in some cases. It is important to monitor your bowel movements while taking the drug, and to talk to a healthcare provider if any constipation occurs. Staying hydrated and eating high-fiber foods can help alleviate constipation.
Can Lanoxin cause weight gain?
Lanoxin is not known to cause weight gain, however certain cardiac medications may cause an increase in appetite which can lead to weight gain. Eating a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity are important when taking these medications.
Does Lanoxin need to be monitored?
Yes, Lanoxin should be monitored regularly for signs of toxicity. Regular follow-up visits with a healthcare provider and blood tests are necessary to ensure that the drug is working properly and that toxicity is not occurring.
What laboratory tests should be monitored while taking Lanoxin?
When taking Lanoxin, it is important to monitor certain laboratory tests. This includes regular blood tests to check the levels of Lanoxin in the body, as well as tests to monitor kidney and liver function, electrolytes, and blood glucose.
What is the half-life of Lanoxin?
The half-life of Lanoxin is about 36 hours, meaning it takes about 36 hours for the drug to be eliminated from the body. After this time, the effects of the drug slowly decrease.
Can I take other drugs with Lanoxin?
Yes, some other drugs can be taken in combination with Lanoxin. However, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider before taking any other medications while on Lanoxin. Certain drugs, such as certain antibiotics and antacids, can interact with the medication and increase its levels in the body.
What can I do to help manage side effects from taking Lanoxin?
If side effects occur from taking Lanoxin, it is important to talk to a healthcare provider. Depending on the side effect, adjustments to the dose or other lifestyle changes may be necessary in order to reduce the symptoms. Eating a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity can also be beneficial.
How long does it take for Lanoxin to be completely eliminated from the body?
It takes 36 hours for Lanoxin to be eliminated from the body, as it has a half-life of 36 hours. This means it is important to take the medication at the same time each day and to avoid missing or skipping doses.
Should I avoid any specific activities while taking Lanoxin?
Yes, it is important to avoid operating machinery or driving while taking Lanoxin, as its side effects can cause dizziness and fatigue. It is also important to avoid drinking alcohol or smoking while taking the drug, as these can increase the risk of certain side effects.
Can Lanoxin be used to treat other heart conditions besides atrial fibrillation?
Yes, Lanoxin can be used to treat other heart conditions, such as congestive heart failure and rapid heartbeat. However, it is important to discuss any pre-existing medical conditions with a healthcare provider before taking Lanoxin, as it can interact with certain medications and exacerbate certain conditions.