Gemzar

Gemzar Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Gemzar is a brand name. Its generic name is Gemcitabine.

Gemzar Introduction

Gemzar (Gemzar®) is an antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of several types of cancer including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. It is a pro-drug, which means it is inactive until it is used by the body. Gemzar is available in both tablet and injection forms and is typically administered every seven to 21 days throughout the duration of a treatment cycle.

Uses for Gemzar

Gemzar is used to treat several types of cancer including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. It is also used for the treatment of other malignancies. It can also be used as a palliative treatment, which means it is used to ease pain and other symptoms of cancer and not to cure it.

Mechanism of Action

Gemzar works by interfering with DNA synthesis. It is taken up by cells and converted to an active form, which then interrupts the DNA replication process. This leads to cell death and helps to reduce the growth of the tumor. Gemzar is usually used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs, which increases the effectiveness of the treatment.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

The effects of gemcitabine depend on the type and severity of the cancer being treated, the response of the individual and the combination of drugs used. Generally, it can take several weeks to notice a difference in the patient's condition, and at least several months of treatment before the effects are seen.

Absorption

Gemzar is well-absorbed and is distributed throughout the body. The drug is mainly metabolized in the liver and has an elimination half-life of about 40 minutes.

Route of Elimination

Gemzar is mainly eliminated through the urine. It is metabolized in the liver to a number of metabolites, which are then eliminated through the urine.

Dosage

The dose of gemcitabine depends on the type and severity of the cancer being treated, the response of the individual, and the combination of drugs used. The typical starting dose for gemcitabine is 1000 mg/m2, administered as an intravenous injection once per week. The dose may be increased depending on how well the patient tolerates the drug, up to 2000 mg/m2 per week.

Administration

Gemzar is usually given as an intravenous injection and is usually given over a period of 30 minutes. It can also be given as an oral tablet, taken once per day.

Side Effect

Gemzar can cause a number of side effects including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, loss of appetite, mouth sores, hair loss, and diarrhea. More serious side effects can include low white blood cell count, liver damage, low platelet count, and allergic reactions. As with any medication, you should speak to your doctor if you experience any side effects.

Toxicity

Gemzar can cause toxicity to certain organs, particularly the liver, kidneys, and bone marrow. The most common signs of toxicity include anemia, low white blood cell count, and low platelet count. It is important to monitor these levels throughout treatment.

Precaution

Gemzar may not be suitable for everyone, and it is important to consult your doctor if you have any allergies, existing medical conditions, or if you have a history of liver disease or other medical conditions. It is important to notify your doctor if you are breast-feeding or pregnant, as gemcitabine can be harmful to a developing fetus.

Interactions

Gemzar has the potential to interact with other drugs and supplements. It is important to tell your doctor about any other medications or supplements that you are taking, in order to avoid any potential interactions.

Disease Interactions

Gemzar should not be used if you have a history of kidney or liver disease. It is important to discuss any existing medical conditions with your doctor before starting treatment, as this may affect how the drug is used.

Drug Interactions

Gemzar can potentially interact with other drugs and supplements, including antacids, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and some certain antibiotics, antidepressants, antifungal medications, and diuretics. It is important to speak to your doctor if you are taking any of these medications to check for potential interactions.

Food Interactions

Gemzar may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products, as they can increase the amount of the drug absorbed by the body. It is important to discuss any potential food interactions with your doctor before starting treatment.

Pregnancy Use

Gemzar has not been evaluated for use in pregnant women. It is important to speak to your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, as the drug may be harmful to a developing fetus.

Lactation Use

Gemzar has not been evaluated for use in lactating women. It is important to speak to your doctor if you are breastfeeding, as the drug may be harmful to a nursing infant.

Acute Overdose

In case of an acute overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, diarrhoea, changes in heart rate, and seizures.

Contraindication

Gemzar is contraindicated in patients who have a known hypersensitivity to the drug, who have an active infection, or who have a history of liver or kidney disease. It is also contraindicated in pregnant or breastfeeding women, as the drug may be harmful to a developing fetus or nursing infant.

Use Direction

Gemzar should be taken as prescribed by your doctor. It is important to take the drug according to the dosage instructions given by your doctor, as the effects of an overdose can be serious. It is important to finish the course of treatment, even if you start to feel better, as this will ensure the best results.

Storage Condition

Gemzar should be stored at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. It should also be stored away from children and pets.

Volume of Distribution

Gemzar is widely distributed throughout the body and is metabolized in the liver. It has an elimination half-life of about 40 minutes.

Half Life

The half-life of gemcitabine is approximately 40 minutes.

Clearance

Gemzar is mainly eliminated through the urine and is also excreted in the feces. Its clearance is mainly determined by hepatic metabolism and renal excretion. It has a clearance rate of approximately 0.2 L/hr/kg.

Here you find in details version of Gemzar

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Gemzar

What is Gemzar?

Gemzar is an anti-cancer drug that is used to treat a variety of cancers including lung, breast, ovarian, bladder, and pancreatic cancer.

How does Gemzar work?

Gemzar works by blocking the activity of an enzyme called ribonucleotide reductase, which is critical for the synthesis of DNA in cancer cells. By blocking this enzyme, the drug stops the cancer cells from dividing and growing.

What are the side effects of Gemzar?

The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, fatigue, fever, chills, and low blood cell counts. Less common but serious side effects can include bleeding, infection, pancreatitis, liver damage, and nerve damage.

What is the recommended dosage of Gemzar?

The recommended dosage of Gemzar will depend on the type of cancer being treated and other factors. Generally, a dose of 1000 mg/m2 is recommended.

How long does it take for Gemzar to start working?

It usually takes several weeks or months for Gemzar to start working. The response to treatment can be seen on scans after several cycles of treatment.

Can Gemzar be used in combination with other drugs?

Yes, Gemzar is often used in combination with other drugs to treat certain types of cancer. Common drugs used in combination with Gemzar include paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, and docetaxel.

What are the common drug interactions associated with Gemzar?

Gemzar can interact with many other medications. Always tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking before starting treatment. Common drug interactions include olanzapine, ciprofloxacin, bromocriptine, and metformin.

How long is a cycle of Gemzar treatment?

A cycle of Gemzar treatment is usually 14 days. Generally, a period of rest is needed between cycles to allow the body to recover.

What form does Gemzar come in?

Gemzar is available in several forms including an injection, capsules, and a solution for intravenous infusion.

Who should not take Gemzar?

Gemzar is not suitable for everyone. People with certain medical conditions or those taking certain medications should not take Gemzar. Your doctor will be able to advise if Gemzar is suitable for you.

Who manufactures Gemzar?

Gemzar is manufactured by several pharmaceutical companies including Teva, Hospira, Mylan, and Baxter.

What is the shelf life of Gemzar?

The shelf life of Gemzar varies depending on the form of the medication. The powder for injection has a shelf life of 2 years after it is reconstituted with sterile water. The oral solution has a shelf life of 18 months.

How long does it take for Gemzar to take effect?

It usually takes several weeks to months for Gemzar to take effect. Response to treatment can be seen on scans after several cycles of treatment.

Does Gemzar interfere with birth control?

Gemzar can reduce the effectiveness of certain forms of birth control. Talk to your doctor about other forms of birth control to use while on Gemzar.

Will Gemzar make me tired?

Yes, fatigue is one of the most common side effects of Gemzar. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing fatigue as there may be ways to help manage it.

Is Gemzar a chemotherapy drug?

Yes, Gemzar is a chemotherapy drug that is used to treat a variety of cancers.

Will Gemzar cure my cancer?

Gemzar can help slow the growth of cancer and reduce the size of tumors, but it may not be able to cure your cancer. Your doctor will be able to discuss treatment options with you.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Gemzar?

If you miss a dose of Gemzar, contact your doctor for advice. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed dose.

How long does Gemzar stay in your system?

The half-life of Gemzar is about 38 minutes, so it should be out of your body within a few hours.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Gemzar?

It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking Gemzar as it can increase the risk of side effects. Talk to your doctor if you are considering drinking alcohol while taking Gemzar.

What kind of monitoring is required during Gemzar treatment?

Regular monitoring of blood cell counts and vital signs is typically recommended during Gemzar treatment. Your doctor may also request imaging tests such as x-rays or CT scans to monitor your progress.

Can Gemzar cause stomach upset?

Yes, nausea and vomiting are common side effects of Gemzar treatment.

Can Gemzar cause hair loss?

Yes, hair loss is a common side effect of Gemzar treatment.

Does Gemzar cause weight gain?

No, weight gain is not a known side effect of Gemzar.

Can you take Gemzar while pregnant?

No, Gemzar is not recommended during pregnancy and should only be used if the potential benefit outweighs the risk to the unborn baby.

Does Gemzar cause constipation?

Yes, constipation is a possible side effect of Gemzar treatment.

What is the cost of Gemzar?

The cost of Gemzar varies depending on the form and dosage. Generally, it costs between $200 and $500 per treatment cycle.

Is Gemzar covered by insurance?

Whether or not Gemzar is covered by insurance will depend on the type of insurance plan you have. Check with your insurance provider for more information.

Does Gemzar cause loss of appetite?

Yes, loss of appetite is a possible side effect of Gemzar.

Can Gemzar cause joint pain?

Yes, joint pain is a possible side effect of Gemzar.

Is Gemzar safe to take with other medications?

Gemzar can interact with many other medications. Make sure to tell you doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking before starting Gemzar treatment.

Can Gemzar interact with vitamins?

Yes, Gemzar can interact with certain vitamins. Always tell your doctor about any vitamins you are taking before starting Gemzar treatment.

What precautions should be taken while taking Gemzar?

It is important to avoid contact with people who are ill while taking Gemzar as the drug can weaken your immune system. You should also limit your exposure to sunlight or UV radiation and drink plenty of fluids.

Are there any lifestyle changes I should make while taking Gemzar?

It is important to eat a healthy diet and get regular exercise while taking Gemzar. You should also aim to get plenty of sleep and reduce stress as much as possible.

Is Gemzar available in generic form?

Yes, Gemzar is available in generic form.

Does Gemzar require refrigeration?

No, it is not necessary to refrigerate Gemzar. Once opened, the solution should be used within 24 hours.

Does Gemzar come in pill form?

Yes, Gemzar is available in capsule form.

Does Gemzar require a prescription?

Yes, Gemzar is a prescription medication and can only be obtained with a valid prescription from a health care professional.

Can Gemzar be taken with food?

Yes, it is recommended to take Gemzar with food to reduce the risk of side effects.

Does Gemzar interact with grapefruit or grapefruit juice?

Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can interact with Gemzar and increase the risk of side effects. Talk to your doctor before taking grapefruit or grapefruit juice if you are taking Gemzar.

Does Gemzar require monitoring of liver function?

Yes, regular monitoring of liver function is typically required while taking Gemzar.