Etomid

Etomid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Etomid is a brand name. Its generic name is Etomidate.

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Introduction

Etomid (marketed as Hypnorm, Hypnovel, Etomidat) is an intravenous anaesthetic used for inducing general anaesthesia and sedation. It has been available for over 30 years and has few side effects compared to other anaesthetics. It is widely used in both emergency and operating theatre settings.

Uses

Etomid's primary use is for induction of general anaesthesia prior to surgery. It is suitable for adults, children, and pregnant women as it is not a known teratogen.

Mechanism of Action

Etomid depresses the central nervous system by binding and potentiating the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory receptor. This causes sedation, muscle relaxation, and hypnosis.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Etomid acts rapidly, usually producing its effects within 30 seconds. Its effects normally last between 10 and 20 minutes, although this duration may be longer in the elderly.

Absorption, Route of Elimination, and Dosage

Etomid is completely absorbed when given intravenously. It is eliminated mainly through metabolism in the liver and has an elimination half-life of 2-4 hours. The recommended initial dose for adults is 0.3-0.6 mg/kg and for children is 0.15-0.30 mg/kg.

Administration

Etomid is usually administered intravenously in a dilution of 4-5ml/kg body weight. The injection of etomidate can be done slowly over 2-3 minutes.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of etomidate include hypotension, nausea, vomiting, dizzines and retching. It can also cause muscle movements and abnormal sensations. Other less serious side effects include headache, ringing in the ears and hives.

Toxicity

Etomid can cause toxicity if given in too high a dose. Symptoms of overdose include general convulsions, problems with vision and hearing, muscular rigidity, loss of coordination and coma.

Precautions

Etomid should not be given to patients with severe liver diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, Parkinson's Disease, or known hypersensitivity to etomidate. It should also not be given to individuals with a history of drug or alcohol abuse.

Interactions

Etomid can interact negatively with other drugs, including anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, anticholinergics, muscle relaxants, and opioids. It is also known to interact with certain vitamins and minerals. This should be assessed prior to administration.

Disease Interactions

The use of etomidate can affect the course or severity of certain diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, epilepsy, and depression. It should be discussed with a medical professional prior to administration.

Drug Interactions

Etomid can interact with certain drugs and interfere with their absorption, metabolism, or excretion. Patients should tell their doctor about all medications they are currently taking prior to administration.

Food Interactions

Etomid should not be taken with or immediately after eating certain foods, including dairy products, fat-rich foods, caffeine, and alcoholic beverages.

Pregnancy Use

Etomid is not known to cause birth defects so it can be used, but it should be considered a last resort. It is advisable to follow the guidance of a medical professional when administering to a pregnant woman.

Lactation Use

Etomid can be used but it is advised not to breastfeed for up to 24 hours after administration.

Acute Overdose

If an overdose of etomidate occurs, the patient may experience drug-related toxicity. Emergency medical help should be sought immediately.

Contraindications

Etomid is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to etomidate, those with a known history of alcohol or drug abuse, sufferers of liver disease, and those with uncontrolled diabetes. It should also be used with caution in pregnant women.

Use Direction

Etomid should be administered intravenously in a dilution of 4-5ml/kg body weight over 2-3 minutes. The recommended initial dose for adults is 0.3-0.6 mg/kg and for children is 0.15-0.30 mg/kg.

Storage Condition

Etomid should be stored at room temperature (20-25°C) in a dry, dark place and protected from light.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of etomidate is 0.8-2L/kg.

Half Life

The half life of etomidate is 2-4 hours.

Clearance

The clearance of etomidate from the body is 60-108 ml/min/kg.

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