Epival

Epival Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Epival is a brand name. Its generic name is Sodium Valproate.

Introduction

Epival (NaVal) is a short-chain fatty acid, which is used as an antiepileptic medication. It is also known by a range of other names including Depakene, Depakote, Epival, Stavzor, and Valpro. Epival is indicated for treating seizures, mania, and migraine headaches. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder and acute mania related to bipolar disorder.

Uses for

Epival (NaVal) is indicated for the treatment of epilepsy and specific neurological diseases, migraine headache, mania, bipolar disorder, agitation, and other psychiatric disorders. It can also be used as an adjunct in the treatment of major depression.

Mechanism of Action

Epival (NaVal) exerts its therapeutic action mainly through the inhibition of several neurotransmitter systems such as glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and noradrenaline.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

The onset of action of Epival (NaVal) depends on its route of administration. When administered orally, it takes approximately 6 to 12 hours for the drug to reach its maximal effect. When administered intravenously, it takes approximately 15 to 30 minutes for the maximal therapeutic effect to be achieved.

Absorption

Epival (NaVal) is readily absorbed after oral administration and the serum concentrations reach a peak 1-4 hours after administration. The bioavailability of orally administered Epival (NaVal) ranges from 50-75%.

Route of Elimination

Epival (NaVal) is mainly metabolized in the liver by the enzyme, glucuronosyl transferase. The metabolites are then excreted in the bile and urine.

Dosage

Epival (NaVal) can be administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup or suspension. The typical recommended doses in adults are 500 to 1000 mg twice daily or 1000 to 3000 mg per day. In children, the dosage ranges from 20 to 60 mg/kg per day, divided into 2 or 3 equal doses.

Administration

Epival (NaVal) should be taken orally with meals. The tablet or capsule should not be crushed, chewed or broken before being swallowed to ensure maximum efficacy. It should preferably be taken with milk or food to reduce stomach-related side effects.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Epival (NaVal) include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, headache, dizziness, anorexia, depression, skin rash, sedation, tremor, weight changes, fatigue, hair loss, abdominal discomfort, and increased appetite.

Toxicity

Ingestion of large amounts of Epival (NaVal) can lead to overdose, which can cause symptoms such as confusion, coma, drowsiness, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, and death. The therapeutic dose of this drug should not be exceeded.

Precaution

Before taking Epival (NaVal), it is important to inform your physician if you are pregnant or nursing, have any allergies, have any liver or kidney disease, are taking any other medications, or have a history of mental illness. It is also important to keep in mind that this medication may impair your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery.

Interaction

Epival (NaVal) can interact with a number of other medications and certain foods. Combining it with certain drugs can lead to increased side effects and decreased therapeutic effect. It should also not be taken together with alcoholic beverages since this can also increase the risk of side effects.

Disease Interaction

Epival (NaVal) can interact with several medical conditions such as kidney and liver disease, porphyria, and any other condition that affects the metabolism. Therefore, it is important to ensure that your physician is aware of your medical history before taking this medication.

Drug Interaction

Epival (NaVal) may interact with other drugs such as aspirin, anticoagulants, oral contraceptives, barbiturates, salicylates, sulfonamides, theophylline, warfarin, hydantoins, antihistamines, phenobarbital, and some antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to inform your physician if you are taking any other medications.

Food Interactions

Some foods may interact with Epival (NaVal). It is important to avoid alcohol and foods that contain high amounts of fat while taking this medication. It is also important to keep in mind that grapefruit juice may interact with this medication, so it is best to avoid drinking it.

Pregnancy Use

The use of Epival (NaVal) in pregnancy has not been well studied. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using this medication during pregnancy as it may cause harm to the developing fetus.

Lactation Use

The use of Epival (NaVal) is not suggested in lactating mothers as it passes through breast milk and can cause serious side effects in the infant. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers who are breastfeeding avoid using this medication.

Acute Overdose

In case of acute overdose with Epival (NaVal), seek immediate medical attention as it can be life-threatening. Symptoms of overdose include coma, drowsiness, confusion, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse.

Contraindication

Epival (NaVal) is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components and pregnant women. It is also contraindicated in patients undergoing treatment for Fulminant hepatic failure as it can cause liver damage.

Use Direction

Epival (NaVal) must always be used as per the directions of the healthcare provider. It must not be taken in larger or smaller quantities than what is prescribed by the healthcare provider. The patient must also ensure that the medication is taken at the same time every day to maintain therapeutic concentrations.

Storage Condition

Epival (NaVal) must be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and heat. The medication must also be kept out of reach of children and away from direct sunlight.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of Epival (NaVal) is 0.9-1.2 L/kg. It is primarily distributed to the tissues in the body.

Half life

The half-life of Epival (NaVal) is between 6 and 16 hours. However, its elimination rate is reduced in elderly patients or in patients with hepatic impairment.

Clearance

The clearance of Epival (NaVal) is 1.1-2.6 ml/min/kg. The rate of clearance is reduced in elderly patients or in patients with hepatic impairment.

Here you find in details version of Epival

Some Frequently Asked Questions About Epival

What is Epival?

Sodium valproate is an anticonvulsant drug used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine headaches. It is also used off-label for certain other mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as behavior disorders in children.

What are the potential side effects of Epival?

The most common side effects of sodium valproate are drowsiness, unsteadiness, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Other potential side effects include hair loss, weight gain, rash, and changes in liver function. Also, long-term use of this medication may cause the bones to become weak and brittle, leading to an increased risk of fractures.

How do I take Epival?

Sodium valproate should be taken exactly as prescribed by your health care provider. The dosage and frequency of your medication depend on the conditions you are treating. Take each dose with a full glass of water and do not stop taking your medication unless instructed to do so by your health care provider.

Is Epival safe to use while pregnant?

Sodium valproate is not generally recommended for use during pregnancy. The benefits of taking this medication may outweigh any risks associated with its use during pregnancy. Women should discuss their individual risks and benefits with their doctor prior to taking sodium valproate during pregnancy.

Can I drink alcohol while taking Epival?

It is generally advised not to drink alcohol while taking any medication. Alcohol may increase the risk of certain side effects associated with sodium valproate. If you do choose to drink alcohol, make sure to talk to your doctor to ensure that it is safe to do so.

What if I miss a dose of Epival?

If you miss a dose of sodium valproate, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your normal dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose on Epival?

If you suspect an overdose of sodium valproate, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include drowsiness, confusion, loss of coordination, and difficulty breathing.

What drugs should not be taken with Epival?

Sodium valproate can interact with many other medications. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications that you are taking so that they can adjust your dose accordingly. Some drugs that should not be taken with sodium valproate include anticoagulants, aspirin, other anticonvulsants, and warfarin.

Can I get pregnant while taking Epival?

Sodium valproate may lower the effectiveness of certain birth control methods and increase your risk of pregnancy. It is best to discuss the use of contraception with your doctor so that you can find a method that is most effective and safe for you to use.

Can Epival cause weight gain?

Yes, weight gain is a potential side effect of sodium valproate. If you are experiencing rapid weight gain or are having difficulty losing weight, you should discuss this with your doctor.

Can I stop taking Epival suddenly?

No, it is important to follow the instructions given to you by your doctor. This medication can cause withdrawal symptoms if it is stopped suddenly. Talk to your doctor about how to safely discontinue sodium valproate.

Are there any alternatives to Epival?

Yes, there are several medications available that can be used as alternatives to sodium valproate. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of these alternative medications.

Can Epival cause hair loss?

Yes, hair loss is a possible side effect of sodium valproate. If you notice any signs of hair loss, notify your doctor immediately.

Can I take Epival with ibuprofen?

It is generally advised not to take medications such as ibuprofen while taking sodium valproate, as it can increase the risk of side effects. Consult your doctor before taking medications such as ibuprofen while taking sodium valproate.

How long does it take for Epival to work?

The time it takes for sodium valproate to work varies depending on the severity of your symptoms. Generally, it may take several weeks for the medication to reach its maximum effect. Talk to your doctor if you do not notice any improvement in your condition after a few weeks of taking sodium valproate.

Are there any risks involved with taking Epival?

Yes, sodium valproate can have several potential risks associated with its use. Common side effects may include drowsiness, nausea, headache, and vomiting. Other potential risks include changes in liver function, hair loss, weight gain, and increased risk of fractures with long-term use. Talk to your doctor about all of the potential risks associated with taking sodium valproate.

What should I tell my doctor before taking Epival?

Before taking sodium valproate, tell your doctor about any medical conditions you may have, as well as any medications, vitamins, or supplements you are taking. Also, let your doctor know if you have a history of liver or kidney disease, as sodium valproate can worsen these conditions. Women should tell their doctor if they are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

Can Epival cause liver damage?

Yes, long-term use of sodium valproate may cause liver damage. Talk to your doctor about the risks associated with taking this medication and how to monitor your liver function.

Is Epival a controlled substance?

No, sodium valproate is not a controlled substance. This medication is available only with a doctor's prescription.

Can Epival be used to treat depression?

Sodium valproate is approved by the FDA to treat certain mental health disorders, such as bipolar disorder and migraine headaches, but it is not approved to treat depression. Your doctor may, however, prescribe sodium valproate off-label for depression.

Can Epival cause high blood pressure?

No, sodium valproate does not usually cause high blood pressure. However, people who have high blood pressure should talk to their doctor about possible blood pressure changes associated with taking this medication.

Are there any long-term effects of taking Epival?

Long-term use of sodium valproate may increase the risk of certain side effects, such as liver damage, osteoporosis, and hair loss. To reduce the risk of these side effects, your doctor may recommend regular blood and liver tests.

Can Epival cause changes in behavior?

Yes, sodium valproate may cause changes in behavior, such as irritability, agitation, anxiety, or restlessness. Talk to your doctor if you notice any unusual changes in behavior while taking sodium valproate.

Can I take Epival with vitamin supplements?

Yes, certain vitamin supplements can be taken while taking sodium valproate. However, certain vitamins and supplements can interact with this medication, so it is best to talk to your doctor before taking any vitamin or supplement while taking sodium valproate.

Can I drive while taking Epival?

You should not drive or operate heavy machinery while taking sodium valproate, as it may cause drowsiness and impair your ability to pay attention. If you do need to drive, make sure to talk to your doctor beforehand and take extra precaution.

Is it safe to take Epival with other medications?

Sodium valproate can interact with many other medications, both prescription and over-the-counter. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking so they can adjust your dose accordingly. Taking sodium valproate with certain medications may increase the risk of side effects.

Can I take Epival and antihistamines together?

Taking sodium valproate and antihistamines together may increase the risk of side effects, such as drowsiness. Be sure to talk to your doctor before taking any antihistamines while taking this medication.

Are there any foods to avoid while taking Epival?

It is important to follow a healthy and balanced diet while taking sodium valproate. Avoid large amounts of caffeine, alcohol, or high-sugar foods that may worsen certain side effects of this medication. Talk to your doctor or dietitian about what foods and drinks are best for you while taking sodium valproate.

Can I discontinue taking Epival without consulting my doctor?

No, it is important to talk to your doctor before discontinuing sodium valproate or any other medication. Abruptly stopping this medication may cause withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor can help you safely discontinue your medication.

Does Epival interact with any herbs or supplements?

Yes, sodium valproate may interact with certain herbs and supplements. Herbs such as St. John’s Wort, ginkgo biloba, and ginseng may increase the risk of side effects when taken with sodium valproate. Talk to your doctor before taking any herbs or supplements while taking this medication.

How long should I take Epival?

The duration of treatment with sodium valproate depends on your individual condition. Follow the instructions given to you by your doctor and do not stop taking your medication without discussing it with your doctor first.

Does Epival cause nausea?

Yes, nausea is a common side effect of sodium valproate. Talk to your doctor if your nausea persists or becomes severe. They may recommend taking your medication with food or an anti-nausea medication.

Can I take Epival with other anticonvulsants?

No, other anticonvulsants should not be taken with sodium valproate, as this may increase the risk of side effects. If you are taking another anticonvulsant, let your doctor know so that they can adjust your dose accordingly.

Can Epival cause headaches?

Yes, headaches are a common side effect of taking sodium valproate. If your headaches persist or become severe, talk to your doctor. They may adjust your dosage or recommend taking your medication with food.

Can Epival be used to treat anxiety?

Sodium valproate is not approved to treat anxiety. However, your doctor may prescribe this medication off-label to treat the symptoms of anxiety. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits associated with taking sodium valproate for anxiety.

Is Epival habit forming?

No, sodium valproate is not a habit-forming medication. However, you may experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking it suddenly. Talk to your doctor about how to safely discontinue this medication.

Is Epival safe for children?

Yes, sodium valproate may be prescribed for children. However, the dose and duration of treatment must be carefully monitored. Talk to your doctor about whether this medication is safe and appropriate for your child.