Besiven
Besiven Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Mechanism of Action, How Long Does it Take to Work? Besiven is a brand name. Its generic name is Besifloxacin.
Introduction
Besiven is an antibiotic belonging to the class of fluoroquinolone. It is used to treat bacterial infections of the eyes, nose, and throat.
Uses
Besiven is used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, bacterial rhinitis, and bacterial pharyngitis.
Mechanism of Action
Besiven exerts its antimicrobial action by inhibiting the enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for the bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This results in the inhibition of the growth and multiplication of the bacteria.
How Long Does it Take to Work?
Besiven may start to work within 24 hours of administration. A full course of therapy, as prescribed by the doctor, is necessary for the complete resolution of the infection.
Absorption
The bioavailability of Besiven is approximately 77%. It is rapidly absorbed from the ocular surface and is present in the ocular tissues for up to 12 hours.
Route of Elimination
Besiven is eliminated through the kidneys by glomerular filtration.
Dosage
The recommended dosage of Besiven is as follows:
- Conjunctivitis: 1 drop of 0.6% Besiven ophthalmic solution administered 3 times daily into the affected eye(s).
- Keratitis: 1 drop of 0.6% Besiven ophthalmic solution administered 4-5 times daily into the affected eye(s).
- Rhinitis and Pharyngitis: 500 mg of Besiven oral suspension administered twice daily for 5-7 days.
Administration
Besiven is available in two forms: ophthalmic solution and oral suspension. The ophthalmic solution is used for ocular infections and the oral suspension is used for respiratory infections.
Side Effects
The common side effects of Besiven include eye irritation, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Other rare side effects include allergic reactions, palpitations, tachycardia, and gastrointestinal upset.
Toxicity
Besiven has low toxicity and most of the side effects are mild and reversible. In case of severe side effects, the medication should be discontinued and the patient should seek medical help.
Precautions
Besiven should be used with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to quinolones. It should be avoided in patients with a history of myasthenia gravis due to the risk of worsening of the symptoms. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders, as it may increase the frequency of seizures.
Interaction
Besiven has the potential to interact with other medications. It should not be used in combination with any other quinolones or antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or iron, as it may decrease its absorption. It should also be used with caution in combination with other medications such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, immunosuppressants, and antidiabetics.
Disease Interactions
Besiven should be used with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to quinolones, myasthenia gravis, epilepsy, and other seizure disorders, kidney or liver disease, and diabetes.
Drug Interactions
Besiven should not be used in combination with other quinolones or antacids containing magnesium, aluminum, or iron, as it may decrease its absorption. It should also not be used in combination with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, immunosuppressants, and antidiabetics.
Food Interactions
Besiven should be taken at least two hours before or six hours after the consumption of food, dairy products, antacids, vitamins, and iron supplements to reduce the risk of interaction.
Pregnancy Use
Besiven should not be used during pregnancy, unless absolutely necessary. It is not known if it is safe for use during breastfeeding.
Lactation Use
Besiven should not be used during breastfeeding, as it may pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.
Acute Overdose
In cases of accidental overdose, supportive measures such as gastric lavage and symptomatic management should be given. The patient should be closely monitored for signs of toxicity and side effects.
Contraindication
Besiven is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to quinolones, myasthenia gravis, epilepsy, and other seizure disorders.
Use Direction
Besiven should be administered exactly as prescribed by the doctor. The medication should be used at regular intervals and for the full duration of the prescribed therapy. Dosage should not be increased without consulting the doctor.
Storage Condition
Besiven should be stored at room temperature in a cool, dry place. The ophthalmic solution should be kept in its original container and should not be exposed to direct sunlight or heat.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of Besiven is 14.3 L.
Half-Life
The half-life of Besiven is 4 hours.
Clearance
The clearance of Besiven is 8.1 mL/min.
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